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CHAPTER 23 ■ PROJECT 4: IN THE NEWS 447 When creating an NNTPSource, much of the code can be snipped from the original prototype. As you will see in later in Listing 23-2, the main differences from the original are the following: • The code has been encapsulated in the getItems method. The servername and group variables are now arguments to the constructor. Also a window (a time window) is added, instead of assuming that you want the news since yesterday (which is equivalent to setting window to 1). • To extract the subject, a Message object from the email module is used (constructed with the message_from_string function). This is the sort of thing you might add to later versions of your program as you thumb through the docs (as mentioned in Chapter 21, in the section “Using the LinePlot Class”). • Instead of printing each news item directly, a NewsItem object is yielded (making getItems a generator). To show the flexibility of the design, let’s add another news source—one that can extract news items from Web pages (using regular expressions; see Chapter 10 for more information). SimpleWebSource (see Listing 23-2) takes a URL and two regular expressions (one representing titles, and one representing bodies) as its constructor arguments. In getItems, it uses the regexp methods findall to find all the occurrences (titles and bodies) and zip to combine these. It then iterates over the list of (title, body) pairs, yielding a NewsItem for each. As you can see, adding new kinds of sources (or destinations, for that matter) isn’t very difficult. To put the code to work, let’s instantiate an agent, some sources, and some destinations. In the function runDefaultSetup (which is called if the module is run as a program), several such objects are instantiated: • A SimpleWebSource is constructed for the BBC News Web site. It uses two simple regular expressions to extract the information it needs. (Note that the layout of the HTML on these pages might change, in which case you need to rewrite the regexps. This also applies if you are using some other page—just view the HTML source and try to find a pattern that applies.) • An NNTPSource for comp.lang.python. The time window is set to 1, so it works just like the first prototype. • A PlainDestination, which prints all the news gathered. • An HTMLDestination, which generates a news page called news.html. When all of these objects have been created and added to the NewsAgent, the distribute method is called. You can run the program like this: $ python newsagent2.py The resulting news.html page is shown in Figure 23-2.
448 CHAPTER 23 ■ PROJECT 4: IN THE NEWS Figure 23-2. A news page with more than one source The full source code of the second implementation is found in Listing 23-2. Listing 23-2. A More Flexible News Gathering Agent (newsagent2.py) from __future__ import generators from nntplib import NNTP from time import strftime, time, localtime from email import message_from_string from urllib import urlopen import textwrap import re day = 24 * 60 * 60 # Number of seconds in one day def wrap(string, max=70): """ Wraps a string to a maximum line width. """ return '\n'.join(textwrap.wrap(string)) + '\n' class NewsAgent: """ An object that can distribute news items from news sources to news destinations. """
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Beginning Python From Novice to Pro
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■CHAPTER 23 Project 4: In the New
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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