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CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE WEB 329 Installing Installing mod_python and getting it to work is, perhaps, a bit more difficult than doing so for many of the other packages I’ve discussed so far. If nothing else, you have to make it cooperate with Apache. So, if you plan to install mod_python yourself, you should either use some form of package manager system (which will install it automatically) or make sure you know a bit about running and maintaining the Apache Web server. (You can find more information about Apache at http://httpd.apache.org.) If you’re lucky, of course, you may already have access to a machine where mod_python is installed; if you’re uncertain, just try and see. (And then you could bug your ISP or administrator to install it for you . . .) If you do want to install it yourself, you can get the information you need in the mod_python documentation, available online or for download at the mod_python Web site (http:// modpython.org). You can probably also get some assistance on the mod_python mailing list (with subscription available from the same Web site). The process is slightly different depending on whether you use UNIX or Windows. Installing on UNIX Assuming you have already compiled your Apache Web server (version 2.0.40 or newer—or use an older version of mod_python) and you have the Apache source code available, here are the highlights of compiling and installing mod_python. First, download the mod_python source code. Unpack the archive and enter the directory. Then, run the configure script of mod_python: $ ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs (Modify the path to the apxs program if this is not where it is found; on my Gentoo system, for example, I would use /usr/sbin/apxs2. Or, rather, I would install mod_python automatically with the Portage package system, but that’s beside the point.) Make a note of any useful messages, such as any messages about LoadModule. Once this configuration is done, compile everything: $ make Once everything has been compiled, install mod_python: $ make install Installing on Windows At the time of writing, the binary version of mod_python for Windows requires Python version 2.3. You cannot use version 2.4. Download the mod_python installer from http://www.apache.org/ dist/httpd/modpython/win/ and double-click it. The installation is straightforward and will take you through the steps of finding your Python and Apache installations. You may get an error at the end of the process if you did not install Tcl/Tk with Python, though the installer tells you how to finish the install manually. To do this, copy mod_python_so.pyd from Python’s Lib\site-packages folder to the modules directory under your Apache root folder.
330 CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE WEB Configuring Apache Assuming everything went well (if not, check out the sources of information given earlier), you now have to configure Apache to use mod_python. Find the Apache configuration file that is used for specifying modules; it is usually called httpd.conf or apache.conf. Add the line that corresponds to your operating system: # UNIX LoadModule python_module libexec/mod_python.so # Windows LoadModule python_module modules/mod_python.so There may be slight variations in how to write this (for example, the exact path to mod_python.so), though the correct version for UNIX should have been reported as a result of running configure, earlier. Now Apache knows where to find mod_python, but it has no reason to use it: You need to tell it when to do so. To do that, you must add some lines to your Apache configuration, either in some main configuration file (possibly commonapache2.conf, depending on your installation), or in a file called .htaccess in the directory where you place your scripts for Web access. (The latter option is only available if it has been allowed in the main configuration of the server using the AllowOverride directive.) In the following, I assume that you’re using the .htaccess method; otherwise, you have to wrap the directives like this (remember to use quotes around the path if you are a Windows user): (Add the directives here) The specific directives to use are described in the following sections. CGI Handler The CGI handler simulates the environment your program runs in when you actually use CGI. So you’re really using mod_python to run your program, but you can still (mostly) write it as if it were a CGI script, using the cgi and cgitb modules, for example. (There are some limitations; see the documentation for details.) The main reason for using the CGI handler as opposed to plain CGI is performance. According to a simple test in the mod_python documentation, you can increase your performance by about one order of magnitude (a factor of about 10) or even more. The publisher (described later) is faster than this, and writing your own handler is even faster, possibly tripling the speed of the CGI handler. If you only want speed, the CGI handler may be an easy option. If you’re writing new code, though, and want some extra functionality and flexibility, using one of the other solutions (described in the following sections) is probably a better idea—the CGI handler doesn’t really tap into the great potential of mod_python, and is best used with legacy code. Anyway, to get the CGI show on the road, put the following in an .htaccess file in the directory where you keep your CGI scripts: SetHandler mod_python PythonHandler mod_python.cgihandler
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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