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CHAPTER 12 ■ GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES 271 also maintains a Web page with an extensive list of GUI toolkits for Python (http://phaseit.net/ claird/comp.lang.python/python_GUI.html). Table 12-1. Some Popular GUI Toolkits Available for Python Package Tkinter wxPython PythonWin Java Swing PyGTK PyQt Description Uses the Tk platform. Readily available. Semistandard. Based on wxWindows. Increasingly popular. Windows only. Uses native Windows GUI capabilities. Jython only. Uses native Java GUI capabilities. Uses the GTK platform. Especially popular on Linux. Uses the Qt platform. Especially popular on Linux. Information about Tkinter and Jython with Swing can be found in the section “But I’d Rather Use . . .” later in this chapter. For information about PythonWin, PyGTK, and PyQT, check out the project home pages (see Appendix C). As you can see, there are plenty of packages to choose from. So which toolkit should you use? It is largely a matter of taste, although each toolkit has its advantages and drawbacks. Tkinter is sort of a de facto standard because it has been used in most “official” Python GUI programs, and it is included as a part of the Windows binary distribution. On UNIX, however, you have to compile and install it yourself. Another toolkit that is gaining in popularity is wxPython. This is a mature and feature-rich toolkit, which also happens to be the favorite of Python’s creator, Guido van Rossum. Downloading and Installing wxPython To download wxPython, simply visit the download page, http://wxpython.org/download.php. This page gives you detailed instructions about which version to download, as well as what prerequisites the various versions have. If you’re running Windows, you probably want a prebuilt binary. You can choose between one version with Unicode support and one without; unless you know you need Unicode, it probably won’t make much of a difference which one you choose. Make sure you choose the binary that corresponds to your version of Python. A version of wxPython compiled for Python 2.3 won’t work with Python 2.4, for example. For Mac OS X, you should again choose the wxPython version that agrees with your Python version; you might also need to take the OS version into consideration. Again, you may need to choose between a version with Unicode support and one without; just take your pick. The download links and associated explanations should make it perfectly clear which version you need. There are also RPM packages for various Linux distributions. If you’re running a Linux distribution with RPM, you should at least download the wxPython common and runtime packages; you probably won’t need the devel package. Again, choose the version corresponding to your Python version and Linux distribution.
272 CHAPTER 12 ■ GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES ■Note If you’re using a package system with automatic downloads, such as those found in Debian Linux and Gentoo Linux, for example, you may very well be able to get wxPython directly through that system. If none of the binaries fit your hardware or operating system (or Python version, for that matter), you can always download the source distribution. Getting this to compile might require downloading further source packages for various prerequisites, and is beyond the scope of this chapter. There are fairly detailed explanations on the wxPython download page, though. Once you’ve got wxPython itself, I would strongly suggest that you download the demo distribution, which contains documentation, sample programs, and one very thorough (and instructive) demo program. This demo program exercises most of the wxPython features, and lets you see the source code for each portion in a very user-friendly manner—definitely worth a look if you want to keep learning about wxPython on your own. Installation should be fairly automatic and painless. To install Windows binaries, simply run the downloaded executables (.exe files); in OS X, the downloaded file should appear as if it were a CD-ROM that you can open, with a .pkg you can double-click; to install using RPM, consult your RPM documentation (or take a look at the brief discussion in Chapter 1). Both the Windows and OS X versions will start an install wizard, which ought to be simple to follow. Simply accept all default settings and keep clicking “Continue” and finally “Finish.” Getting Started To see whether your installation works, you could try out the wxPython demo (which must be installed separately). In Windows, It should be available in your Start menu; when installing it in OS X, you could simply drag the wxPython Demo file to Applications, and then run it from there later. Once you’ve finished playing with the demo (for now, anyway), you can get started writing your own program, which is, of course, much more fun. To get started, import the wx module: import wx There are several ways of writing wxPython programs, but one thing you can’t escape is creating an application object. The basic application class is called wx.App, and it takes care of all kinds of initialization behind the scenes. The simplest wxPython program would be something like this: import wx app = wx.App() app.MainLoop() ■Note If you’re having trouble getting wx.App to work, you may want to try to replace it with wx.PySimpleApp.
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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