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CHAPTER 12 ■ GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES 273 Because there are no windows the user can interact with, the program exits immediately. ■Note As you can see from this example, the methods in the wx package are all capitalized, contrary to common practice in Python. The reason for this is that the method names mirror method names from the underlying C++ package, wxWidgets. Even though there is no formal rule against capitalized method or function names, the norm is to reserve such names for classes. Creating Windows and Components Windows, also known as frames, are simply instances of the wx.Frame class. Widgets in the wx framework are created with their parent as the first argument to their constructor. If you’re creating an individual window, there will be no parent to consider, so simply use None, as you see in Listing 12-1. Also, make sure you call the window’s Show method before you call app.MainLoop—otherwise it will remain hidden. (You could also call win.Show in an event handler; I discuss events a bit later.) Listing 12-1. Creating and Showing a Frame import wx app = wx.App() win = wx.Frame(None) win.Show() app.MainLoop() If you run this program, you should see a single window appear, similar to that in Figure 12-2. Figure 12-2. A GUI program with only one window Adding a button to this frame is about as simple as it can be—simply instantiate wx.Button, using win as the parent argument (see Listing 12-2).
274 CHAPTER 12 ■ GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES Listing 12-2. Adding a Button to a Frame import wx app = wx.App() win = wx.Frame(None) btn = wx.Button(win) win.Show() app.MainLoop() This will give you a window with a single button, as shown in Figure 12-3. Figure 12-3. The program after adding a button There are certainly a few rough corners still; the window has no title, the button has no label, and you probably don’t want the button to cover the entire window in this way . . . Labels and Positions You can set the labels of widgets when you create them, by using the label argument of the constructor. Similarly, you can set the title of frames by using the title argument. I find it most practical to use keyword arguments with the wx constructors, so I don’t have to remember their order. You can see an example of this in Listing 12-3. Listing 12-3. Adding Labels and Titles with Keyword Arguments import wx app = wx.App() win = wx.Frame(None, title="Simple Editor") loadButton = wx.Button(win, label='Open') saveButton = wx.Button(win, label='Save') win.Show() app.MainLoop()
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Beginning Python From Novice to Pro
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For Ranveig
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■CHAPTER 23 Project 4: In the New
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viii ■CONTENTS Strings . . . . .
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About the Technical Reviewer ■JER
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Introduction A C program is like a
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140 CHAPTER 7 ■ MORE ABSTRACTION
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CHAPTER 9 ■ MAGIC METHODS, PROPER
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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