An Introduction to Critical Thinking and Creativity - always yours

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156 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 4,123 agree disagree b) This chart shows a company's profits in 2010 and 2011. €16,200 €31,000 2010 2011 c) Failure rate in a class from 2000 to 2004. 2000 01 02 03 04 d) A chart showing the number of households in a village participating in a recycling scheme in 2000 and 2010. 310 156 ® ^ 2000 2010 e) Average length offish caught in a river. 70 2010 2011
EXERCISES 157 f) Number of pets kept by students in a school. ke y ; ^=5 =5
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Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & S
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VIII CONTENTS 9 Valid and sound arg
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X PREFACE • This book has a compa
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2 INTRODUCTION Which is more import
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4 INTRODUCTION knowing the rules of
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6 INTRODUCTION 1. The first questio
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8 INTRODUCTION • Open-mindedness:
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12 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY Con
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14 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY own
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16 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY •
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18 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY Tip
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20 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY g)
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22 DEFINITIONS • The referent of
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24 DEFINITIONS is too wide because
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26 DEFINITIONS sophisticated sense.
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28 DEFINITIONS 3.5.2 Definition by
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30 DEFINITIONS 3.2 Evaluate these d
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34 NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITI
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42 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS ambiguous. A
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44 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS change of di
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46 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS BILLY : All
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48 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS absolve anyb
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50 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS 5.4 GOBBLEDY
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52 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS c) Our cooki
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54 TRUTH false, but we would never
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56 TRUTH matter of linguistic conve
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58 TRUTH i) If Rebecca is Shannon's
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60 BASIC LOGIC 7.1.1 Consistency A
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62 BASIC LOGIC Q, or equivalently,
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64 BASIC LOGIC "or both", or "but n
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66 BASIC LOGIC • PiffQ. • P whe
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70 IDENTIFYING ARGUMENTS of opinion
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72 IDENTIFYING ARGUMENTS it easier
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76 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS This s
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78 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS genera
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80 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS 9.2.5
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82 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS If P t
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84 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS 9.4 SO
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88 INDUCTIVE REASONING highly confi
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90 INDUCTIVE REASONING elusion give
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92 INDUCTIVE REASONING tive strengt
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96 ARGUMENT MAPPING Every person is
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98 ARGUMENT MAPPING of arguments ex
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100 ARGUMENT MAPPING elusion. Separ
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102 ARGUMENT MAPPING Homosexuality
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104 ARGUMENT MAPPING a) High school
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Page 120 and 121: 108 ARGUMENT ANALYSIS ing. It will
Page 122 and 123: 110 ARGUMENT ANALYSIS As an example
Page 124 and 125: 112 ARGUMENT ANALYSIS b) We should
Page 126 and 127: 114 SCIENTIFIC REASONING or perhaps
Page 128 and 129: 116 SCIENTIFIC REASONING crease our
Page 130 and 131: 118 SCIENTIFIC REASONING the planet
Page 132 and 133: 120 SCIENTIFIC REASONING dollars in
Page 134 and 135: 122 SCIENTIFIC REASONING report. Ho
Page 136 and 137: 124 SCIENTIFIC REASONING 13.3 Some
Page 138 and 139: 126 MILLS METHODS 14.1 THE METHOD O
Page 140 and 141: 128 MILLS METHODS 14.3 THE JOINT ME
Page 142 and 143: 130 MILLS METHODS feet is not among
Page 144 and 145: 132 MILLS METHODS d) Situation Cand
Page 146 and 147: 134 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION Simil
Page 148 and 149: 136 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION suffe
Page 150 and 151: 138 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION immor
Page 152 and 153: 140 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION i) Te
Page 154 and 155: 142 DIAGRAMS OF CAUSAL PROCESSES an
Page 156 and 157: 144 DIAGRAMS OF CAUSAL PROCESSES co
Page 158 and 159: 146 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 17.1
Page 160 and 161: 148 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY •
Page 162 and 163: 150 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY A mi
Page 164 and 165: 152 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY On t
Page 166 and 167: 154 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 17.4
Page 172 and 173: 160 THINKING ABOUT VALUES It is the
Page 174 and 175: 162 THINKING ABOUT VALUES Once thes
Page 176 and 177: 164 THINKING ABOUT VALUES is flat o
Page 178 and 179: 166 THINKING ABOUT VALUES will be c
Page 180 and 181: 168 THINKING ABOUT VALUES Similarly
Page 182 and 183: 170 THINKING ABOUT VALUES 18.2 M Ou
Page 186 and 187: 174 FALLACIES One further clarifica
Page 188 and 189: 176 FALLACIES All circular argument
Page 190 and 191: 178 FALLACIES 19.4.1 Irrelevant res
Page 192 and 193: 180 FALLACIES the question. Murder,
Page 194 and 195: 182 FALLACIES • Non sequitur: Non
Page 196 and 197: 184 FALLACIES g) All my Facebook fr
Page 198 and 199: 186 COGNITIVE BIASES These question
Page 200 and 201: 188 COGNITIVE BIASES • Subjects w
Page 202 and 203: 190 COGNITIVE BIASES more likely to
Page 204 and 205: 192 COGNITIVE BIASES - Avoid framin
Page 208 and 209: 196 ANALOGICAL REASONING a big appe
Page 210 and 211: 198 ANALOGICAL REASONING Furthermor
Page 214 and 215: 202 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS 22.1
Page 216 and 217: 204 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS So if
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206 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS the s
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208 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS succe
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210 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS about
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212 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS EXERC
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216 WHAT IS CREATIVITY? The observa
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218 WHAT IS CREATIVITY? Step 1 : Pr
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220 WHAT IS CREATIVITY? remedy our
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224 CREATIVE THINKING HABITS made o
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226 CREATIVE THINKING HABITS materi
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228 CREATIVE THINKING HABITS orate
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230 CREATIVE THINKING HABITS Ellis
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234 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES any of t
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236 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES SOLUTION
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242 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 1 l.l.h
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244 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 12.1.f T
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246 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 13.4 One
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250 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 17.3.d T
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252 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 19.2.e F
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Bibliography Ackerman, J., Nocera,
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258 BIBLIOGRAPHY McRae, C, Cherin,
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260 BIBLIOGRAPHY Wolf, G. (1996). S
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262 INDEX consequentialist reasonin
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