An Introduction to Critical Thinking and Creativity - always yours

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230 CREATIVE THINKING HABITS Ellis Torrance on creativity 1. Don't be afraid to fall in love with something and pursue it with intensity. 2. Know, understand, take pride in, practice, develop, exploit, and enjoy your greatest strengths. 3. Learn to free yourself from the expectations of others and to walk away from the games they impose on you. Free yourself to play your own game. 4. Find a great teacher or mentor who will help you. 5. Don't waste energy trying to be well rounded. 6. Do what you love and can do well. 7. Learn the skills of interdependence. EXERCISES 24.1 In this exercise, your task is to connect all nine dots in the diagram using only four straight lines, to be drawn in one continuous stroke without the pen ever lifting off the paper. How would you do it? o o o o o o o o o 24.2 Refer to the nine-dot diagram again. a) Can you connect all nine dots using only three straight lines with no lifting of the pen? b) Do you think it is possible to do it with just one line? 24.3 Ê3 Suppose there is a bakery that sells cookies. Business is fine but could be better. Apply the SCAMPER technique to think of ways to improve business which might be worth exploring. 24.4 l£] Go through the seven items in Torrance's Manifesto for Children. Have you been following these guidelines? To what extent? Is there any item which you think you ought to pay more attention to? What concrete steps can you take to make this happen?
EXERCISES 231 24.5 Kl We have talked a lot in book about how critical thinking and creativity are relevant to our careers. But more generally, good thinking is crucial for the future of humanity. Think about this quote from Csikszentmihalyi, a famous author on creativity: Humanity needs a creativity that can help us find our place in this evolving cosmos, so that we can respect one another, live together peacefully, and not destroy one another in order to feel good about ourselves. What is your own perspective on these issues? Do you think you are able to contribute to these goals in anyway?
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Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & S
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VIII CONTENTS 9 Valid and sound arg
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X PREFACE • This book has a compa
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2 INTRODUCTION Which is more import
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4 INTRODUCTION knowing the rules of
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6 INTRODUCTION 1. The first questio
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8 INTRODUCTION • Open-mindedness:
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12 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY Con
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14 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY own
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16 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY •
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18 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY Tip
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20 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY g)
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22 DEFINITIONS • The referent of
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24 DEFINITIONS is too wide because
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26 DEFINITIONS sophisticated sense.
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28 DEFINITIONS 3.5.2 Definition by
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30 DEFINITIONS 3.2 Evaluate these d
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34 NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITI
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42 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS ambiguous. A
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44 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS change of di
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46 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS BILLY : All
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48 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS absolve anyb
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50 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS 5.4 GOBBLEDY
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52 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS c) Our cooki
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54 TRUTH false, but we would never
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56 TRUTH matter of linguistic conve
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58 TRUTH i) If Rebecca is Shannon's
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60 BASIC LOGIC 7.1.1 Consistency A
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62 BASIC LOGIC Q, or equivalently,
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64 BASIC LOGIC "or both", or "but n
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66 BASIC LOGIC • PiffQ. • P whe
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70 IDENTIFYING ARGUMENTS of opinion
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72 IDENTIFYING ARGUMENTS it easier
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76 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS This s
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78 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS genera
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80 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS 9.2.5
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82 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS If P t
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84 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS 9.4 SO
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88 INDUCTIVE REASONING highly confi
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90 INDUCTIVE REASONING elusion give
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92 INDUCTIVE REASONING tive strengt
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96 ARGUMENT MAPPING Every person is
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98 ARGUMENT MAPPING of arguments ex
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100 ARGUMENT MAPPING elusion. Separ
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102 ARGUMENT MAPPING Homosexuality
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104 ARGUMENT MAPPING a) High school
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108 ARGUMENT ANALYSIS ing. It will
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110 ARGUMENT ANALYSIS As an example
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112 ARGUMENT ANALYSIS b) We should
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114 SCIENTIFIC REASONING or perhaps
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116 SCIENTIFIC REASONING crease our
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118 SCIENTIFIC REASONING the planet
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120 SCIENTIFIC REASONING dollars in
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122 SCIENTIFIC REASONING report. Ho
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124 SCIENTIFIC REASONING 13.3 Some
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126 MILLS METHODS 14.1 THE METHOD O
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128 MILLS METHODS 14.3 THE JOINT ME
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130 MILLS METHODS feet is not among
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132 MILLS METHODS d) Situation Cand
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134 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION Simil
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136 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION suffe
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138 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION immor
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140 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION i) Te
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142 DIAGRAMS OF CAUSAL PROCESSES an
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144 DIAGRAMS OF CAUSAL PROCESSES co
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146 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 17.1
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148 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY •
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150 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY A mi
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152 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY On t
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154 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 17.4
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156 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 4,12
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160 THINKING ABOUT VALUES It is the
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162 THINKING ABOUT VALUES Once thes
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164 THINKING ABOUT VALUES is flat o
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166 THINKING ABOUT VALUES will be c
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168 THINKING ABOUT VALUES Similarly
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170 THINKING ABOUT VALUES 18.2 M Ou
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174 FALLACIES One further clarifica
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176 FALLACIES All circular argument
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178 FALLACIES 19.4.1 Irrelevant res
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Page 208 and 209: 196 ANALOGICAL REASONING a big appe
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Page 214 and 215: 202 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS 22.1
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Page 224 and 225: 212 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS EXERC
Page 228 and 229: 216 WHAT IS CREATIVITY? The observa
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Page 232 and 233: 220 WHAT IS CREATIVITY? remedy our
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Page 268 and 269: Bibliography Ackerman, J., Nocera,
Page 270 and 271: 258 BIBLIOGRAPHY McRae, C, Cherin,
Page 272 and 273: 260 BIBLIOGRAPHY Wolf, G. (1996). S
Page 274: 262 INDEX consequentialist reasonin
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