An Introduction to Critical Thinking and Creativity - always yours

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Bibliography Ackerman, J., Nocera, C, and Bargh, J. (2010). Incidental haptic sensations influence social judgments and decisions. Science, 328(5986):1712-1715. Adams, P. and Adams, J. (1960). Confidence in the recognition and reproduction of words difficult to spell. The American Journal of Psychology, 73(4):544-552. BBC (2010). Job applications "full of errors". Available at: http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/business/6226439.stm. Accessed July 19,2010. BBC News (2003). Online jargon buster takes bull by the horns. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/business/3014702.stm. Accessed June 15, 2010. Churchill, A. (1905). Edison and his early work. Scientific American Supplement, 59:2451-2452. Cucherat, M., Haugh, M., Gooch, M., and Boissel, J. (2000). Evidence of clinical efficacy of homeopathy. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 56(1):27- 33. Economist (2010). Economist debates: Religion. Available at: http://www.economist.com/debate/days/view/591. Accessed October 7, 2010. 256
BIBLIOGRAPHY 257 Epstein, R. (1999). Critical thinking. Wadsworth, Belmont, MA. Fang, X., Singh, S., and Ahluwalia, R. (2007). An examination of different explanations for the mere exposure effect. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(1):97-103. Franklin, B. (1772/2009). Memoirs of the life and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Timber Wood Publishing. Galinsky, A. D. (2004). Should you make the first offer? Negotiation, 7:9-11. Gartrell, N. and Bos, H. (2010). US national longitudinal lesbian family study: Psychological adjustment of 17-year-old adolescents. Pediatrics, 126(l):28-36. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., and Signorielli, N. (1980). The "mainstreaming" of America: Violence profile no. 11. Journal of Communication, 30(3):10- 29. Hart, W., Albarracin, D., Eagly, A., Lindberg, M., Merrill, L., and Brechan, I. (2009). Feeling validated versus being correct: A meta-analysis of selective exposure to information. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4) :555-588. Hawking, S., Thorne, K., Novikov, I., Ferris, T., and Lightman, A. (2003). The Future ofSpacetime. Norton, New York. Hossain, T. and List, J. A. (2009). The behavioralist visits the factory: Increasing productivity using simple framing manipulations. NBER Working Paper Series sl5623, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Hurley, P. (2006). A Concise Introduction to Logic. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA. James, W. (1907/1995). Pragmatism. Dover Publications, New York. Kruger, J. and Dunning, D. (2002). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Academic Psychiatry, 26(l):49-49. Lammers, J., Stapel, D., and Galinsky, A. (2010). Power increases hypocrisy. Psychological Science, 21(5):737-744. Larwood, L. and Whittaker, W. (1977). Managerial myopia: Self-serving biases in organizational planning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2):194-198. Malcolm, N. (2001). Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2nd edition. Martel, F. (2010). BP CEO: Gulf of Mexico Is a "very big ocean", amount of oil from leak Is "tiny". Available at: http://www.mediaite.com/online/bp-ceo-gulf-ofmexico-is-a-very-big-ocean-amount-of-oil-from-leak-is-tiny/. Accessed July 27, 2010.
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Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & S
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VIII CONTENTS 9 Valid and sound arg
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X PREFACE • This book has a compa
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2 INTRODUCTION Which is more import
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4 INTRODUCTION knowing the rules of
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6 INTRODUCTION 1. The first questio
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8 INTRODUCTION • Open-mindedness:
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12 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY Con
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14 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY own
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16 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY •
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18 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY Tip
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20 THINKING AND WRITING CLEARLY g)
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22 DEFINITIONS • The referent of
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24 DEFINITIONS is too wide because
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26 DEFINITIONS sophisticated sense.
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28 DEFINITIONS 3.5.2 Definition by
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30 DEFINITIONS 3.2 Evaluate these d
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34 NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITI
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42 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS ambiguous. A
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44 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS change of di
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46 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS BILLY : All
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48 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS absolve anyb
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50 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS 5.4 GOBBLEDY
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52 LINGUISTIC PITFALLS c) Our cooki
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54 TRUTH false, but we would never
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56 TRUTH matter of linguistic conve
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58 TRUTH i) If Rebecca is Shannon's
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60 BASIC LOGIC 7.1.1 Consistency A
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62 BASIC LOGIC Q, or equivalently,
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64 BASIC LOGIC "or both", or "but n
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66 BASIC LOGIC • PiffQ. • P whe
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70 IDENTIFYING ARGUMENTS of opinion
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72 IDENTIFYING ARGUMENTS it easier
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76 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS This s
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78 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS genera
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80 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS 9.2.5
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82 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS If P t
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84 VALID AND SOUND ARGUMENTS 9.4 SO
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88 INDUCTIVE REASONING highly confi
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90 INDUCTIVE REASONING elusion give
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92 INDUCTIVE REASONING tive strengt
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96 ARGUMENT MAPPING Every person is
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98 ARGUMENT MAPPING of arguments ex
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100 ARGUMENT MAPPING elusion. Separ
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102 ARGUMENT MAPPING Homosexuality
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104 ARGUMENT MAPPING a) High school
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108 ARGUMENT ANALYSIS ing. It will
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110 ARGUMENT ANALYSIS As an example
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112 ARGUMENT ANALYSIS b) We should
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114 SCIENTIFIC REASONING or perhaps
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116 SCIENTIFIC REASONING crease our
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118 SCIENTIFIC REASONING the planet
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120 SCIENTIFIC REASONING dollars in
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122 SCIENTIFIC REASONING report. Ho
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124 SCIENTIFIC REASONING 13.3 Some
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126 MILLS METHODS 14.1 THE METHOD O
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128 MILLS METHODS 14.3 THE JOINT ME
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130 MILLS METHODS feet is not among
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132 MILLS METHODS d) Situation Cand
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134 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION Simil
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136 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION suffe
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138 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION immor
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140 REASONING ABOUT CAUSATION i) Te
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142 DIAGRAMS OF CAUSAL PROCESSES an
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144 DIAGRAMS OF CAUSAL PROCESSES co
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146 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 17.1
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148 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY •
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150 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY A mi
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152 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY On t
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154 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 17.4
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156 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 4,12
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160 THINKING ABOUT VALUES It is the
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162 THINKING ABOUT VALUES Once thes
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164 THINKING ABOUT VALUES is flat o
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166 THINKING ABOUT VALUES will be c
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168 THINKING ABOUT VALUES Similarly
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170 THINKING ABOUT VALUES 18.2 M Ou
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174 FALLACIES One further clarifica
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176 FALLACIES All circular argument
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178 FALLACIES 19.4.1 Irrelevant res
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180 FALLACIES the question. Murder,
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182 FALLACIES • Non sequitur: Non
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184 FALLACIES g) All my Facebook fr
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186 COGNITIVE BIASES These question
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188 COGNITIVE BIASES • Subjects w
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190 COGNITIVE BIASES more likely to
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192 COGNITIVE BIASES - Avoid framin
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196 ANALOGICAL REASONING a big appe
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198 ANALOGICAL REASONING Furthermor
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202 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS 22.1
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204 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS So if
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Page 224 and 225: 212 MAKING RATIONAL DECISIONS EXERC
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Page 228 and 229: 216 WHAT IS CREATIVITY? The observa
Page 230 and 231: 218 WHAT IS CREATIVITY? Step 1 : Pr
Page 232 and 233: 220 WHAT IS CREATIVITY? remedy our
Page 236 and 237: 224 CREATIVE THINKING HABITS made o
Page 238 and 239: 226 CREATIVE THINKING HABITS materi
Page 240 and 241: 228 CREATIVE THINKING HABITS orate
Page 242 and 243: 230 CREATIVE THINKING HABITS Ellis
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Page 248 and 249: 236 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES SOLUTION
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Page 256 and 257: 244 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 12.1.f T
Page 258 and 259: 246 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 13.4 One
Page 262 and 263: 250 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 17.3.d T
Page 264 and 265: 252 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 19.2.e F
Page 270 and 271: 258 BIBLIOGRAPHY McRae, C, Cherin,
Page 272 and 273: 260 BIBLIOGRAPHY Wolf, G. (1996). S
Page 274: 262 INDEX consequentialist reasonin
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