Decentralization of Forest Administration in Indonesia, Implications ...

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Barr, C. et al. 93 official expiration dates. The decree emphasized that Governors, Bupatis and Mayors should use the criteria and standards delineated as guidelines when formulating any regional regulations. It further stated that any violations would be subject to criminal prosecution, administrative sanctions, and financial penalties. Some district governments responded to Decree 05.1/Kpts-II/2000 by issuing IUPHHK licenses covering much larger areas than district timber permits they had issued previously (Yasmi et al. 2006). In 2002, the district of Kapuas Hulu in West Kalimantan issued nine IUPHHK, covering an area of 142,800 ha (Anshari 2005). Sintang district of West Kalimantan issued eight IUPHHK covering 220,000 ha (Anshari et al. 2004). Table 5.2. Allocation of IUPHHK Licenses by Sintang District Government No Company Area (Ha) Location Period 1 PT. Borneo Karunia Mandiri 12,000 Kayan Hulu 2003-2028 2 PT. Sinergi Bumi Lestari 16,900 Sokan 2001-2026 3 PT. Safir Kencana Raharja 36,400 Ng.Serawai 2001-2026 4 PT. Lintas Ketungau Jaya 50,000 Ketungau Hulu 2003-2028 5 Koperasi Apang Semangai 16,500 Kayan Hulu 2002-2027 6 PT. Rimba Kapuas Lestari 41,090 Sepauk 2002-2027 7 PT. Insan Kapuas 34,000 Ng.Ambalau 2002-2027 8 PT. Hutan Persada Lestari 13,500 Ng.Ambalau 2002-2027 Total 220,390 Source: Forestry and Agriculture Office of Sintang District Goverment, 2004 While a handful of district governments issued IUPHHK licenses, most Bupatis became much more cautious about issuing small-scale logging and conversion permits in areas classified as Forest Estate, and the allocation of HPHH and IPPK permits in many regions declined sharply in 2001. Indeed, many district governments refrained from issuing permits for new areas, but continued to renew licenses for areas already allocated. In Bulungan district in East Kalimantan, for example, the Bupati did not issue any new IPPK permits in 2001, although some 618 permits covering nearly 63,000 ha were still operational during that year (Samsu et al. 2005) (see Table 5.3). By 2002, the number of IPPK permits in operation in Bulungan had dropped to 188, covering less than 19,000 ha. This trend was reflected among timber-rich districts across Indonesia. Table 5.3. Allocation of IPPK Permits and District Income Generated by Bulungan District, East Kalimantan During 1999-2003 No Year Number of Permits Operational (cumulative) Area (ha) Production (m 3 ) Revenues Received (Rp 000) Timber Concession Log Tax Contribution Total amount (Rp 000) 1. 1999 39 3,740 - - - 2. 2000 585 58,444 171,939.09 2,034,955 266.426 2,301,381 3. 2001 618 62,940 809,785.15 5,791,645 2,953,539 8,745,184 4. 2002 188 18,689 226,612.39 1,267,500 237,868 1,505,368 5. 2003 189 18,234 404,214.22 302,000 187,806 489,806 Source: Samsu et al. 2005, citing Regional Income Service Office of Bulungan District
94 Decentralization’s Effects on Forest Concessions and Timber Production Box 5.1: Kopermas and Small-Scale Logging Licenses in Papua by Nugroho Adi Utomo In allocating small-scale timber licenses under decentralization, the provincial and district governments in Papua have prioritized adat communities, or those holding customary rights to the land and forests being harvested. Permits have generally been issued to community cooperatives, known as Participatory Community Cooperatives (Koperasi Peran Serta Masyarakat, Kopermas). In Papua, Kopermas have had access to two types of small-scale timber licenses, commonly known as IPKMA and HPHHHA permits. Since 2002, the provincial government has issued Customary Community Timber Extraction Permits (IPKMA). Community cooperatives may apply for IPKMA permits to harvest areas of up to 1,000 ha for a duration of one year. These can then be extended by the Bupati for an area up to 250 ha. The application is initiated through the District Cooperative Office (Dinas Koperasi), and then submitted to the District Forestry Office. If it is approved at the district level, it is forwarded on to the Provincial Forestry Service, which issues the permit. Through 2002, some 328 Kopermas were involved in harvesting timber under IPKMA permits in Manokwari district alone. In April 2004, the kabupaten government in Manokwari began allocating a second kind of permit, known as Customary Community Forest Management Permits (Ijin Hak Pengelolaan Hutan Adat, IHPHA). The area allocated under IHPHA permits can be as large as 2,000 ha, and the permit is typically valid for a period of 20 years. To ensure that sufficient areas of commercial forest are available for seeking IHPHA permits, the district government also requires each HPH timber concessionaire to make available 10,000 ha for harvesting by Kopermas. As in most other regions in Indonesia, most Kopermas have entered into partnerships with outside investors or business partners, which often manage the timber operations. While the degree of equity involved in the relationship between Kopermas and their partners have varied widely, the Manokwari district policy helps to ensure that local community members participate in decision-making by requiring that permits be approved by village heads or subdistrict heads, and by only allocating permits to Kopermas. The allocation of IPKMA permits was officially ended with the adoption of MoF Regulation P.07/Menhut-II/2005 on March 29, 2005. Source: Tokede et al. (2005) 5.3. Timber Profits for New Actors Under the New Order regime’s HPH timber concession system, the vast majority of forestry sector profits flowed to a relatively small group of timber conglomerates, national government agencies, and senior state officials. The process of allocating HPH concession licenses was controlled by the MoF in Jakarta, with the provincial government’s role being limited to that of providing a recommendation during the application process; district governments were left out of this process altogether.
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Decentralization of Forest Administ
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National Library of Indonesia Catal
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iv 4.5 Forest Revenue Sharing 69 4.
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Preface Indonesia is currently ente
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Acknowledgements This study is base
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Abbreviations AAC ACIAR ADEKSI APBD
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IPHHBK IPHHK IPJL IPK IPKR IPKMA IP
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Glossary Adat, customary or traditi
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Forests and Decentralization in Ind
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10 Forests and Decentralization in
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Chapter 2 Forest Administration and
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20 Forest Administration and Forest
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32 Origins and Scope of Indonesia
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144 References Van Zorge Report. 20
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152 Annex 2. Indonesian Legislation
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154 Annex 2. Indonesian Legislation
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156 Annex 3. Distribution of Shared
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Since the collapse of Soeharto’s
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