Decentralization of Forest Administration in Indonesia, Implications ...

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4.5 Forest Revenue Sharing 69
4.6 Redistribution and Use of the Reforestation Fund 72
4.7 Forests as a Source of Regionally-Generated Revenues 79
Chapter 5
Decentralization’s Effects on Forest Concessions
and Timber Production 87
5.1 Introduction 87
5.2 Proliferation of District Logging Permits 88
5.3 Timber Profits for New Actors 94
5.4 ‘Legalization’ of Illegal Logging 97
5.5 Challenges for HPH Timber Concession-Holders 99
5.6 A Pendulum Swing Toward Recentralization 103
Chapter 6
The Impacts of Decentralization on Tenure and Livelihoods 108
6.1 Introduction 108
6.2 De Facto Decentralization 108
6.3 Adat as a Vehicle to Claim Rights 111
6.4 Changing Local Understandings of Territory and Boundaries 113
6.5 Communities Redefined 114
6.6 Decentralization and Community Livelihoods 116
6.7 Trends? 118
Chapter 7
Decentralization and Recentralization in Indonesia’s Forestry Sector:
Summary and Recommendations 121
7.1 Introduction 121
7.2 Legal-Regulatory Contradictions and Lack of Coordination 122
7.3 Fiscal Balancing and the Redistribution of Forest Revenues 124
7.4 The Struggle over Timber Rents 126
7.5 Impacts on Land and Forest Tenure 128
7.6 Implications for Forest Community Livelihoods 131
7.7 Recommendations for Policymakers 132
References 134
Annexes 145
Annex 1
Timeline of Events that are Related
to Decentralization in the Forestry Sector 145
Annex 2
Indonesian Laws and Regulations Relevant to Decentralization 150
Annex 3
Distribution of Shared Revenues to Regional Governments
(not including DR), 2004 (million Rp) 155