Vol 21 No. 1

More documents

Recommendations

Info

J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1), 2009 Closed reduction for... 15. Snyder MC, Lydiatt WM. Penetrating injuries of the neck, e Medicine. Last updated: April/28, 2006 (internet) http: ||www. e Medicine.com. 16. Clark WD & Park G. Fractures, mandibular, symphyseal and parasymphyseal, e Medicine. http: || www. e Medicine. com. 17. Chang EW, Lam SM, Farior E. Mandible fractures, general principles and occlusion, e Medicine. http:|| www. e Medicine. Com. 18. Leopard PI. Complications, text book of maxillofacial injuries, vol. 2, 2nd ed., Churchill-Livingstone, 1994. 19. Lee S & Lucas AR. Facial soft tissue trauma; e Medicine. ) http: ||www. e Medicine.com. 20. Hollier L, Grantcharova EP, Kattash M. Facial gunshot wounds: A 4-year experience. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001; 59:277-282. 21. Motamedi MHK. Primary management of maxillofacial hard and soft tissue gunshot and sharpnel injuries. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61(12):1309-1398. 22. Kummona R & Muna AM. Evaluation of immediate phase of management of missile injuries affecting maxillofacial region in Iraq. J Craniofac Surg 2006; 17(2):217-223. 23. Newlands SD, Samudrala S, Katenzenmeyer WK. Surgical treatment of gunshot injuries to the mandible Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 129(3):239-244. 24. Akhlaghi F. & Aframian-Farnad F. Management of maxillofacial injuries in the Iran-Iraq war. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg 1997; 55:927-930. 25. Shaker M. Missile injuries to the lower face, incidence, effects, early management and possible early complications. A thesis for the degree of master in oral & maxillofacial surgery 2008. 26. Chen AY, Stewart MG, Raup G. Penetrating injuries to the face. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 115:464-470. 27. Deveci M, Sengezer M, Selmanpakoglu N. Reconstruction of gunshot wounds of the face. Plast Reconstr Surg, Ankara, Turkey Gazi Medical Journal 1998; 9:47-56. 28. Demetriades D, Chahwan S, Gomes H, Falabella A, Velmahos G, Yamashita D. Initial evaluation and management of gunshot wounds to the face. J Trauma 1998; 45(1):39-41. 29. Perry CW & Phillips BJ. Gunshot wounds to the face: a university experience. Internet J Surg 2001; 2(2):1-10. 30. Haug RH, Assael LA. Outcomes of open versus closed treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001; 59:370. 31. Zaytoun GM, Shikhani AH, Salman SD. Head and neck war injuries: a 10-year experience at the American University of Beirut medical center. Laryngoscope 1986; 96:899-903. 32. Chambers IG & Scully C. Mandibular fractures in India during the Second World War (1944 & 1945): analysis of the Snawdon series. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1987; 25:357-369. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology 97
J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1), 2009 Hypodontia in Down’s ….. Hypodontia in Down’s syndrome patients Nidhal H. Ghaib B.D.S., M.Sc. (1) Mustafa M. Al-Khatieeb B.D.S., M.Sc. (2) Dheaa H. Abd Awn B.D.S., M.Sc (3) ABSTRACT Background: The intention of this study was to quantify the occurrence of hypodontia in a group of individuals with Down syndrome. Materials and method: The sample consisted of 164 subjects with Down syndrome with an age ranged 14-18 years, the subjects were examined clinically, when radiographs were in need, orthopantomograph, occlusal, or periapical were often taken to confirm the diagnosis. Results: The results show a notably high prevalence of hypodontia in individuals with Down syndrome (45.2%) being higher in females (47.4%) than males (42.3%), the hypodontia in the maxilla was higher than in the mandible and on the right side of females was higher than the left side, while males show on the left side was higher than the right side though this difference was not significant. The number of congenitally missing teeth also in females was higher than in males; the most congenitally missing teeth were the lower second premolars, upper lateral incisors, lower second premolars and lower lateral incisors respectively. The distribution of peg–shaped lateral incisors was 15% and more unilaterally than bilaterally. Conclusions: This study reveals a high prevalence of hypodontia (missing teeth and peg-shaped lateral incisors) in patients with Down syndrome. No explanation other than genetics is immediately available to explain why hypodontia should represent another phenotypic expression of this trisomy Keyword:Down's syndrome, Hypodontia, Peg-shaped lateral incisors. (J Bagh Coll Dentistry 2009; 21(1): 98-103) INTRODUCTION Many international statistical studies have been done in different countries on hypodontia, as it is the most important among the other dental anomalies. Missing teeth (tooth agenesis) is one of the most common developmental problems in children. The congenital absence of teeth results from disturbances during the initial stages of tooth formation: initiation and proliferation, it has a much higher prevalence in certain groups. (1,2) Missing teeth may occur in isolation, or as part of a syndrome. Isolated cases of missing teeth can be familiar or sporadic in nature. Familiar tooth agenesis is transmitted as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked genetic condition (3-6) . In addition, tooth agenesis has been associated with more than 49 syndromes. Various dental abnormalities, particularly hypodontia, have frequently been reported in children who also have a cleft lip, cleft palate or both (7) , ectodermal dysplasia (8-10) and Down, Rieger and Book syndrome (11) . Specific terms are used to describe the nature of tooth agenesis. (1)Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. (2)Assistant lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad (3)Assis.Prof, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad The term hypodontia is used when one to six teeth, excluding third molars, are missing, and oligodontia when more than six teeth are absent (excluding the third molars). Anodontia is an extreme case, denoting complete absence of teeth. There is no clear definition in the literature concerning the limits of these classes. Anodontia or oligodontia is usually associated with an unusual but mild systemic abnormality, ectodermal dysplasia, or congenital syndrome. As a general rule, if only one or a few teeth are missing, the absent tooth will be the most distal tooth of any given type (12,13) . Hypodontia in the primary dentition is more common in the maxilla and is frequently associated with the lateral incisors. Hypodontia of permanent teeth occurs with equal frequency in the upper and lower arches and usually affects the third molar. The type of permanent missing teeth and the population prevalence for the anomaly vary with racial group, although females are more frequently affected excluding the third molar, population prevalences across the world vary between 1.6 and 9.6 percent (6,14-17) . In many populations it has been reported that, except for third molars, the most commonly missing teeth are the upper lateral incisor and lower second premolar. For Europeans, the mandibular second premolar is the tooth most frequently absent after the third molar, followed by the maxillary lateral incisor and upper second premolar (12) . Down syndrome, the most common chromosomal abnormality in man, is caused by Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 98
Page 1 and 2:
Scientific Journal Published by the
Page 3 and 4:
Contents i ii vi Editor and Editori
Page 5 and 6:
Instruction for the Authors The Jou
Page 7 and 8:
J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1)
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
J Bagh College Dentistry Vol.21(1),
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52: J Bagh College Dentistry Vol.21(1),
Page 53 and 54: J Bagh College Dentistry Vol.21(1),
Page 55 and 56: J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1)
Page 101: J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1)
show all

Vol 21 No. 1

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?