Vol 21 No. 1

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J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1), 2009 Evaluation of oral hygiene … Evaluation of oral hygiene, gingival health and dental knowledge among 4-12 years old children attending the dental hospital Eman K. Chaloob B.D.S., M.Sc (1) ABSTRACT Background: The main objective of all Dental Health Program is to prevent and control dental disease, Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the Oral Hygiene and Dental Health Knowledge of children that frequently attended Pedodontic and Preventive Department in the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. Materials and methods: A sample of 102 children participated in this study was examined using plaque, gingival and calculus indices for three times interval. Information about age and gender were collected and five questions fabricated by specialist dealing with brushing technique, frequency of brushing, type of tooth paste and which type of food or snacks that cause dental caries. Results: Major reduction in the PlI, GI, CalI has been found, the dental health knowledge and behaviors of children could be changed positively. Conclusion: Periodic dental visit, with motivation, instruction and continuous removal of plaque could successfully improve gingival condition. (J Bagh Coll Dentistry 2009; 21(1): 57-59) INTRODUCTION Most important barrier that limits access to oral health care is lack knowledge about the prevention of oral disease and awareness of their clinical need (1-3) . The Dental Health Programme should be focusing on dental services by increase motivation to seek dental care as we can say that the prevention is always better than cure (1, 2, 4) . This study was conducted to evaluate the oral hygiene, gingival health and dental knowledge of children that frequently attended the dental hospital MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was consisted of 102 children (48males, 54 females) with an age range 4-12 year old participated to evaluate the affect of periodic dental visit, instruction and motivation on the dental health knowledge and gingival health of children in Pedodontic and Preventive Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. The examination was done by the researcher at three times interval every weak, sterilized mouth mirrors (No.4) and blind probe used to avoid any trauma to the gingival. oral hygiene was assessed using the plaque index (5) , while gingival condition was assessed using the criteria of gingival index (6) , calculus index system assessed the calculus accumulation (7) , index teeth of Ramfjord (8) were examined to represent the whole dentition, the primary teeth examined are upper right E, upper left A&D then lower left E and right A&D. (1) Assistant lecturer, Dept. of preventive and paedodontic dentistry, college of dentistry, university of Baghdad. Only fully erupted teeth were scored, if the index tooth was partially erupted or missing, the segment would be excluded. The five questions was designed by specialist in Pedodontic and Preventive Department to evaluate behavior, and knowledge of children, these are dealing with brushing technique, frequency of brushing, type of toothpaste used, snacks between meals and which type of food cause dental caries. We had only one correct answer with degree two for each correct answer, so the minimum was zero and maximum was 10 as in the Table 1. All these examinations were done for the same child every week for three times interval, while questions were applied in the first and third week. Scaling, polishing and calculus removal were performed in the Department. Data were statistically analyzed using F – test to determine difference in the mean PlI, GI and CalI scores among visits. For questions parametric chi-square used to identifying the number of children in relation to degree of answer at level of significance< 0.001. Pearson's correlation was carried out on individual subject data, to determine interrelation ships between the PlI and GI, at each visit. RESULTS The total sample consists of 102 children 48 males and 54 females. Table 3 revealed that there is a reduction in the mean value of plaque, gingival and calculus indices between visits with highly significant differences for both males and females (P
J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1), 2009 Evaluation of oral hygiene … in third visit the number is decrease to 14 children. On the other hand 8 children answer four questions correctly, while 11 children answer all five questions correctly in the first visit, the number of children increase to 28, 27 respectively Table1: Questions designed Questions Answers Grade Q1 Did you brush your teeth? Yes 2 No Q2 How many times do you twice brush your teeth? Three times 2 Q3 Which type of tooth paste you use? Q4 Which type of snack you eat between meals? Q5 Which type of food cause dental caries? Non fluoridated fluoridated sweat vegetable Milk sweat 2 2 2 in the third visit. The significance could be seen in degree 4 and 8 only. Table 5 shows the Pearson's correlation between the mean PlI score and mean GI score according to first, second and third visit for both males and females. Table2: Distribution of children according to age and Gender Males Females Both Age/ Years No. % No. % No. % 4-6 17 16.6 22 21.5 39 38.3 7-9 10 9.8 10 9.8 20 19.6 10-12 21 20.5 22 21.5 43 42.1 Total 48 47.1 54 52.9 102 100.0 Table3: Plaque index, gingival index, calculus index according to dental visits Males Females Both Oral Health Indices Visits Mean ±SD F-test Mean ±SD F-test Mean ±SD F-test PlI GI CalI 1 st 1.296 0.701 1.54 0.683 1.425 0.699 2 nd 8.86* 41.64* 42.77* 0.498 0.761 1.059 0.646 1.030 0.700 3 rd 0.688 0.657 0.444 0.537 0.558 0.606 1 st 0.963 0.537 0.94 0.732 0.951 0.645 2 nd 10.56* 26.39* 35.09* 0.773 0.618 0.65 0.620 0.707 0.619 3 rd 0.419 0.613 0.129 0.339 0.264 0.505 1 st 0.50 0.619 0.444 0.537 0.470 0.575 2 nd 10.48* 20.61* 25.8* 0.313 0.468 0.055 0.231 0.176 0.383 3 rd 0.063 0.245 0.055 0.231 0.058 0.236 *P
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Scientific Journal Published by the
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Instruction for the Authors The Jou
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Vol 21 No. 1

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