Vol 21 No. 1

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J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1), 2009 Malocclusion of Primary ….. permanent first molar yet. Especial case sheet was prepared for each child which contain in addition to name, gender, age, the malocclusion involved mesial terminal end (M.T.E), distal terminal end (D.T.E) and flat terminal end (F.T.E) the analysis was done by simple method of collection of the frequency of each malocclusion and its percentage. In this study in order to create a stable centric occlusion, the children were examined in a seated position and natural light, mouth mirror used with a vernia for evaluation. RESULTS Table 1 showed that 60.5% of children had M.T.E, 10.5% had D.T.M and 29% had E.T.E. The percentage of M.T.E children was 68.6% males and 43.8% females, the percentage of D.T.E children were 47.6% for males and 52.4% for females, and the percentage of F.T.E were 37.9 for males and 62.1 for female. The high percentage was noticed for children with M.T.E which will end according to Baume classification to class I malocclusion and the next percentage was for F.T.E and lastly D.T.E. the F.T.E may end with Cl I or Cl II malocclusion, and the D.T.E will end with an abnormal Cl II malocclusion. Table 1: Frequency and percentage of malocclusion (M.T.E, D.T.E, F.T.E). Teeth relation Male Female Total Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % M.T.E 68 68.6 53 43.80 121 60.5 D.T.E 10 47.6 11 52.4 21 10.5 F.T.E 22 37.9 36 62.1 58 29 Total 100 50% 100 50% 200 100% Table 2: Frequency and percentage of each type of malocclusion according to canine relation. Type of malocclusi on M.T.E M.T.E M.T.E D.T.E D.T.E D.T.E F.T.E F.T.E F.T.E Canine classificati on C I C II C III C I C II C III C I C II C III Males Females Total Fre Fre Fre % % q. q. q. % 53 54. 45. 45 1 9 98 80.9 8 80 2 20 10 8.3 7 53. 46. 6 8 1 13 10.7 4 zer 100 zero o 4 19.1 6 35. 64. 11 3 7 17 80.9 zer zer zero zero o o Zero Zero 16 43. 56. 21 2 8 37 63.8 4 26. 73. 11 7 3 15 25.9 2 33. 66. 10.3 4 6 3 7 5 Table 2 showed that the frequency and percentage of each class of malocclusion (M.T.E, F.T.E and D.T.E) each classified according to deciduous canine relation on to Cl I, Cl II and Cl III. Mesial terminal end molar relation child showed the highest percentage for Cl I canine relation (80.99%) followed by flat terminal end (63.8%) and lastly by distal terminal end (19.05%). The highest percentage of Cl II canine relation was observed in D.T.E children (80.9%), followed by flat terminal end (25.9%) and lastly M.T.E (8.3%).The higher percentage of Cl III canine relation was observed in M.T.E (10.7%) followed by F.T.E (10.35%) and no D.T.E was recorded. Table 3 showed the frequency and percentage of malocclusion according to O.J classification. The highest percentage of Cl I O.J relation was observed in M.T.E children (78.5%) followed by F.T.E children (50%) and lastly D.T.E (33.3%). The highest percentage of CII O.J. relation was observed in D.T.E children (66.6%) followed by F.T.E (41.4%) and lastly M.T.E (10.7%).The highest percentage of CIII O.J relation was observed in F.T.E children (8.6%) followed by M.T.E (6.6%) and lastly D.T.E zero (%). Table 3: Frequency and percentage of each type of malocclusion according to over jet relation. Type of malocclusi on M.T.E M.T.E M.T.E D.T.E D.T.E D.T.E F.T.E F.T.E F.T.E O.J classificati on C I C II C III C I C II C III C I C II C III Males Females Total Fre Fre Fre % % q. q. q. % 51 53. 46. 78. 44 95 7 3 5 9 69. 30. 10. 4 13 2 8 7 8 zer 100 zero o 8 6.6 6 85. 14. 33. 1 7 8 3 3 4 28. 71. 66. 10 14 6 4 6 zer zer zer zero zero zero o o o 12 41. 58. 17 4 6 29 50 10 41. 58. 41. 14 24 7 3 4 zer zero o 5 100 5 8.6 DISCUSSION In order to foresee the possibility of malocclusion treatment in the permanent dentition, one should know the occlusion and/ or the malocclusion in the primary dentition (12) . Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 105
J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1), 2009 Malocclusion of Primary ….. In the present study the primary second molar occlusal relationship was observed to be on the mesial terminal plane about (60.5%). Bishara et al (13) evaluated the changes that occur during the passage from primary second molar relationship to permenant first molar relationship. They stated in the cases showing flat terminal end in the primary dentition 56% Cl I and 44% Cl II relationship developed in the permanent dentition. Zigmond (14) and later Chapman (15) observed that in the occluded primary dentition the distal surface of the maxillary and mandibular second molars were approximately flat terminal end, and Friel (16) suggests that the coincidental nature of the opposing primary maxillary and mandibular second molars is due to the differential mesiodistal crown width of the teeth the mandibular being wider than the maxillary second molar causing flat terminal plane. In this study, the most common relationship in primary canine was found to be Cl I followed by Cl II and small percentage showed Cl III canine relation. The differences in the results of both primary canine and primary molar relationship spring from the methods used in the researches and the number of sample. A review of other researches showed that most common form of primary canine relationship is class I in ethnic group (17-19) which are agree with this research. Although the results of this present study about the frequency of Cl II and Cl III primary canine relationship are consistent with the result reported by Banker et al (19) they conflict with the results of other research (20,21) which showed the highest percentage of canine relation were Cl II. REFERENCES 1. Ngan P, Fields H. Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in the primary dentition. J Dent Child 1995;62:25-33. 2. Baume L. Developmental and diagnostic aspects of the primary dentition. Int Dent J 1959; 349-66. 3. Proffit RW, Field HW. Contemporary orthodontics; 2 nd ed, Mosby year book 1993. 4. Foster TD. A text book of orthodontic .2 nd ed, Blackwell scientific publication, 1985. 5. Foster TD, Hamilton M. Occlusion in the primary dentition .study of children of 2.5 to 3 years of age. Br Dent J 1969; 126:76-9. 6. Bishara SE. Text book of orthodontic. WB. Saunders company;1 st ed ,2001. 7. Jones ML, Oliver RG. Wather and Houston orthodontic notice.5 th ed, Professional publishing L.T.D 2000. 8. Graber TM .Vandersdall RL. Orthdontics current principles and techniques.2 nd ed, Mosby. 1984. 9. Tschill P, Bacn W, Soko A. Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition of Caucasian children. Eur J Ortho 1997; 19:361-7. 10. Nanda RS, Khan I, Anand R. Age changes in the occlusal pattern of deciduous dentition. J Dent Res 1973; 52: 221-4. 11. World Health Organazation. Oral health surveys basic methods. 4 th ed .1997. 12. Farrira RI, Aves AC, Barrier AK, Soares CD. Prevalence of normal occlusal characteristics on deciduous. J Dent Res 2000; 79:1159 (abstract B- 345). 13. Bishara SE, Hoppen SBG, Jakopsen JR, Kobout F. Changes the molar relationship between the deciduous and permanent dentition; longitudinal study. Amj Orthod Dentofa Orthop 1988; 93: 19-28. 14. Zsigmondy O. Ueber die Varanderungen des Zahnbogens bei der zweiten Dentition. Archiv Fur Entwick Geschichte 1890; 14; 367-90. 15. Chapaman H. The development of deciduous occlusion. Tr Brit Soc for the study of orthodontics Bristol, England: Published for the Society by Wright; 1988: 10-18. 16. Friel S. The development of ideal occlusion of the teeth. Am J Orthodont 1954; 40: 196-227. 17. Thomas C, Townced G, Richards L. Occlusal variability in the primary dentition of Australian Children J Dent Res 2000; 79: 1056 (abstract C.33). 18. Otuyemi OD, Sote EO, Isiekwe MC, Jones SP. Occlusal relationships and spacing or crowding of teeth in the dentition of 3-4 years (Old Nigrian Children). Int J Paediatr Dent 1997; 7: 155-60. 19. Banker AC, Berlocher CW, Muller HB. Primary dental arch characteristics of development. Mexican. American Children. J Dent Child 1984; 51: 200-2. 20. Farsi NMA, Salama FS. Characteristics of primary dentition occlusion in a group of Saudi children. Int J Pediat Dent 1996; 6: 253-9. 21. Stahl F, Grabowski R. Orthodontic findings in the deciduous and early mixed dentition: inferences for a preventive stategy. J Orofac Orthop 2003; 64; 401-6. Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 106
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