Vol 21 No. 1

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J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1), 2009 Hypodontia in Down’s ….. Table 9: Prevalence and frequency of reduced in size and /or peg shaped maxillary lateral incisors. Males Females Total 3 On right side 1 On left side Other side absence 4 (2%) (4%) (1%) 14 On left side 7 On right side Other side present 21 (13%) (20%) (8%) 25 (15%) Total 17 (24%) 8 (9%) Table 10: Comparison of frequency of hypodontia according to gender for the teeth. Arch Tooth Males Females Total χ 2 Significance Lateral 42 6 (11.11%) 36 (40%) 9.656 * Incisor (29.16%) Maxillary Second premolar 23 (42.59%) 23 (25.55%) 46 3.066 NS (31.94%) Lateral 18 (33.33%) 6 (6.66%) 24 (16.66%) 14.400 * Incisor Mandibular Second 7 (12.96%) 25 ( 27.77%) 32 (22.22%) 3.333 NS premolar Total missing teeth 54 (100%) 90(100%) 144(100%) …….. …….. * =Significant “p0.05”, d.f. =1 Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 103
J Bagh College Dentistry Vol. 21(1), 2009 Malocclusion of Primary ….. Malocclusion of primary dentition among kindergarten children in Zayona part of Baghdad City. Shahbaa A. M. Al- Ajwadi, B.D.S., M.Sc. ABSTRACT Background: The aim was to evaluate the type of malocclusion in primary dentition to give the parents information about their child future teeth in order to try to minimize the malocclusion in permanent dentition. Materials and methods: An oral health survey was conducted among 200 kindergarten children aged 4-5 years from randomly selected kindergarten in the Zayona part of Baghdad city. The numbers of females were 100 and the numbers of males were 100. Results: Highest percentage of children showed mesial terminal end( 60.5%) followed by flat terminal end( 29%) and the smallest percentage for distal terminal end( 10.5%),high percentages of children showed Cl I Canine relation and Cl I over jet relation followed by ClI and small percentage showed ClII canine and over jet relation. Conclusion: Most children had mesial terminal end so will guide the permanent first molars to Cl I molar relation, and most children had Cl I canine and over jet relation so we will expect the future permanent teeth will be within normal over jet and canine relation. Key words: Malocclusion, primary dentition, over jet. (J Bagh Coll Dentistry 2009; 21(1): 104-106) INTRODUCTION Malocclusion refers to any degree of irregular contact of the teeth of the upper jaw to the teeth of the lower jaw. There is no single cause of malocclusion. Many different factors are involved including genetic factors and/or environmental factors (1) . Baume (2) in his classic articles in the 1950 showed that the relationship of the primary teeth could be divided into three categories: 1. Straight terminal plane. 2. Mesial step terminal plane. 3. Distal step terminal plane. The mesial step is on ideal relationship that guides the permanent first molars in to a favourable class I intercuspation. The straight terminal plane, which is by far the most frequently occurring relationship is the one that must be observed the critically, it can quid the permanent molars into a normal class I or abnormal class II, the distal step, as rule guides the permanent first molars into an abnormal class II malocclusion (3) .The over jet is measured as the greatest distance between the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular incisors in the occlusal plane (2-4mm) normally (4) ,according to Foster and Hamilton (5) , over jet is defined as horizontal over lap of the incisors. If the lower incisors are in front of the upper incisors, the condition is called lower over jet, reverse over jet, or anterior cross bite (6) . Developing class III malocclusion is clinically expressed as anterior cross bite in the primary dentition (7) . (1) Assistant lecturer, department of orthodontics, college of dentistry, university of Baghdad. The malocclusion could be classified awarding to the upper and lower canines relation the upper canine should occlude into the Embrasure between the lower canine and first molar. In class II cases, the embrasure between the lower canine and first molar will be distal to the cusp of the upper canine, whereas in class III cases, it will be far for forwards (8) . Classification of occlusion in the permanent dentition describes relationship of the buccal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular first molars ) . In the primary dentition, classification is routinely based on the anteropostesterior distanceterminal plane difference between the distal surfaces of the opposing primary maxillary and mandibular second molars. Investigations have focused on the types of terminal plane relationships in the primary dentition in an effort to forecast occlusal relationships in the permanent dentition (10,11) . This study aimed to evaluate occlusal deviations in the deciduous dentition that can adversely affect the permanent dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consists of 200 kindergarten children age of 4-5 years. All kindergartens in Zayona part of Baghdad city were chosen according to a random statistical table, permission was obtained from Ministry of Education in Iraq. The number of kindergartens was about 6 schools; each child was seated upright in a normal chair and was observed in centric occlusion under natural day light using a mirror and a vernia caliper. The criteria used in this study depend on Baume classification of primary teeth (1) , because the chosen age was 4-5 years and no one child had Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 104
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