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J Bagh College Dentistry Vol.21(1), 2009 Effect o ozonated… engineering. Am Wat Works Assoc Res Found. Boca Raton: Lewis Publ, 1991. 14. Ellen R, Banting D, Fillery E. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli detection in the assessment of dental root surface caries risk. J Dent Res 1985; 64(10), 1254-9. 15. Holbrook W, Beighton D. Streptococcus mutans levels in saliva and distribution of serotypes among 9-year-old Icelandic children. Scan J Dent Res 1986; 95, 37-42 16. Koneman EW, Schreckenberge PC, Allens SD, Janada WM. Diagnostic microbiology, 4th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1998. 17. Fingold S, Baron E. Methods for identification of aetiologic agents of infectious disease: Diagnostic microbiology, 7th edn. St. Louis: Mosby, 1986. 18. Van Houte J. Role of microorganisms in caries etiology. J Dent Res 1994; 73, 672-81. 19. Love RM, Jenkinson HF. Invasion of dentinal tubules by oral bacteria. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2002; 13(2), 171-83. 20. Thylstrup A, Fejerskov O. Textbook of clinical cariology, 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1994. 21. Ikeda M, Matin K, Nikaido T, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Effect of surface characteristics on adherence of Streptococcus mutans biofilms to indirect resin composites. Dent Mater J 2007; 26(6), 915-23. 22. Drobni M. Adhesion-related interactions of Actinomyces and Streptococcus biofilm bacteria, M Sc thesis, Umeå Univ, Umeå, 2006. 23. Ökte E, Sultan N, Dogan B, Asikainen S. Bacterial adhesion of Actinobacillus actionmycetemcomitans serotypes to titanium implants: Scanning electron microscopic study evaluation: A preliminary report. J Periodontol 1999; 70, 1376-81. 24. Tenuta LMA, Ricomini FAP, Del Bel Cury AA, Cury JA. Effect of sucrose on the selection of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in dental biofilm formed in situ. Caries Res 2006; 40, 546-9. 25. Bocangel JS, Kraul AOE, Vargas AG, Demar FF, Matson E. Influence of disinfectant solutions on the tensile bond strength of a fourth generation dentin bonding agent. Pesq Odont Bras 2000; 14(2), 107-11. 26. Brannstrom M. The cause of postrestorative sensitivity and its prevention. J Endod 1986; 10(4), 475-81. 27. Sim TPC, Knowles JC, Ng YL, Shelton J, Gulabivala K. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on mechanical properties of dentine and tooth surface strain. Int Endod J 2001; 34, 120-32. 28. Gamage B. A guide to selection and use of disinfectants. Brit Col Center Disease Control, 2003. 29. Estrela C, Ribeiro RG, Estrela CRA, Sousa-Netomd MD. Antimicrobial effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine tested by different methods. Braz Dent J 2003; 14(1), 58-62. 30. Radcliffe CE, Potouridou L, Qureshi R, Habahbeh N, Qualtrough A, Worthington H, Drucker DB. Antimicrobial activity of varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on the endodontic microorganisms Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J 2004; 37, 438-46. 31. Yang SE, Cha JH, Kim ES, Kum KY, Lee CY, Jung IY. Effect of smear layer and chlorhexidine treatment on the adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to bovine dentin. J Endod 2006; 32(7), 663-7. 32. Nagayoshi M, Kitamura C, Fukuizumi T, Nishihara T, Terashita M. Antimicrobial effect of ozonated water on bacteria invading dentinal tubules. J Endod 2004; 30(11), 778-81. 33. Restaino L, Frampton EW, Hemphill JB, Palnikar P. Efficacyof ozonated water against various foodrelated microorganisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61: 3471–5. 34. Goldstein BD, McDonagh EM. Effect of ozone on cell membrane protein fluorescence I: in vitro studies utilizing the red cell membrane. Environ Res 1975; (9), 179-86. Restorative Dentistry 23
J Bagh College Dentistry Vol.21(1), 2009 The effect of dowel … The effect of dowel length on the retention of two different endodontic posts Lamis A. Al- Taie, B.D.S, M.Sc. ABSTRACT Background: Several factors govern the retentiveness of endodontic posts, the shape of the post and its length are among the essential factors. This invitro study formulated to compare the retentive values of stainless steel, parallel sided, serrated posts (Euro post) to fiber reinforced, tapered ,smooth posts (Easy post) at two embedment depth (5and 10 mm). Materials and methods: Thirty two intact human mandibular second premolars were selected for this study. These samples were endodonticlly treated, and randomly divided in to four groups of eight teeth each: Group Ι: teeth restored with Easy post at embedment depth 10mm. Group ΙΙ: teeth restored with Easy post at embedment depth 5mm. Group ΙΙΙ: teeth restored with Euro post at embedment depth 10mm. Group ΙV: teeth restored with Euro post at embedment depth 5mm. Tensile failure loads were measured in the absence of crowns using an instron test machine at across head speed of 5 mm/min .Values were recorded in Newton Mean values and standard deviations were analyzed with one way ANOVA test and the least significant differences test. Results: retentive failure loads were recorded for all test specimens; the means and standard deviation for each group were as follows: group Ι: 65.75±23.6 ; group ΙΙ: 64.25 ±22.2, group: 189.5±25.9,and group ΙV: 221.1±27. Conclusion: Endodontically treated teeth restored with Euro post (stainless steel/parallel sided /serrated posts) showed significantly greater retentive values than Easy post (fiber reinforced composite /tapered/smooth posts), also there was no significant difference in retentive values are achieved with both systems at 5mm and 10mm post length. Key words: Euro post, fiber reinforced posts, post length, retention. J Bagh Coll Dentistry 2009; 21(1): 24-27) INTRODUCTION Endodontically treated teeth regularly receive posts and cores to provide predictable replacement for lost tooth structure and to facilitate crown support and retention. Prefabricated and cast metal posts are traditionally used; they are as well as the novel all ceramic posts rigid in nature. The rigidity may pose a risk for root fracture. Recently, fiber reinforced composite root canal posts have been introduced as an alternative to more conventional materials (1) . The bio- mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composite posts have been reported to be close to those of dentin. Fiber reinforced composite posts exhibits high fatigue and tensile strength, its chemical nature is compatible with the BIS-GMA resins in the adhesive resin cements which effectively transmit stresses between the post and the root structure (2) . The introduction of new resinous cement provides dentistry with the opportunity to improve the success rate of post endodontic restorations (3) . Numerous studied of retentive properties have been conducted relative to the shape, diameter, length and surface configuration of the posts. Most invitro post and core experiments have been accomplished by evaluating the tensile force to remove the posts from the root canals, this rarely occurs clinically . (1) Lecturer, department of conservative dentistry, college of dentistry, university of Baghdad. As a result of the test specimens' geometry in the pullout test, a major portion of retention was created not only by the adhesive bonding agent but also through micro retention from the surface roughness and macro retention from the frictional fit between two surfaces (4) . MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two lower second premolars recently extracted of comparable sizes and shapes were selected for experimentation. All teeth were cleaned from soft tissue debris and stored in physiologic saline solution at room temperature from the time of extraction to the time of testing. Access opening for endodontic therapy was established for all teeth with a fissure carbide bur (No.21 R/12; Komet, Germany) rotating at high speed under constant water spray the pulpal tissue was removed with a barbed broach (Produits Dentaire S.A Vevey , Switzerland), and a No.10 file was inserted until its tip just appeared at the apex. The working length was recorded as 1 mm shorter than that length. Instrumentation of the canal was continued up to size 45 K-file (Dentsply, Switzerland), with the use of step back technique(filing action) under full sodium hypochlorite irrigation (NaOCl 0.25%),then dried with paper points. Zinc oxide based sealer cement (Dorifill, Dorident, Austria) was mixed according to manufacture's instructions, and a size 40 file was used to carry the sealer inside the canal and coat the walls of the canal. The canal was then obturated with gutta percha in conjunction with endodontic sealer using lateral cold condensation Restorative Dentistry 24
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