Technological Infrastructure and Use of ICT in Education in ... - ADEA

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Technological Infrastructure and Use of ICT in Education in Africa: an overview 49 Table 1: Socio-economic indicators of selected African countries Country Population in 2000 (millions) Urban population in 2002 (% of total) Annual % population growth 1975-2000 2000- 2015 GDP per capita 2000 (PPP US$) % below poverty line (1983-2000) 1$ per day 2$ per day Botswana 1.6 49.0 1.8 1.0 7 184 33.3 61.4 Cape Verde 0.4 62.2 1.7 1.9 4 863 … … Cameroon 14.9 48.9 2.7 2.0 1 703 33.4 64.4 Congo, DR 50.9 30.3 3.2 3.3 765 … … Egypt 67.9 42.7 2.2 1.5 3 635 3.1 52.7 Kenya 30.7 33.4 3.3 1.8 1 022 26.5 62.3 Morocco 29.9 55.5 2.2 1.5 3 546
50 Working Group on Distance Education and Open Learning however, is also a function of the geography and climatic conditions of this region. Of these ten countries, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Mozambique have the lowest percentage urban population. This rural-urban split is important because there are generally higher poverty levels in rural areas, which have less access to all forms of services and infrastructure, including education. While the population of all ten countries is predicted to continue growing from 2000-2015, evidence of lower rates of growth is apparent for most of the countries listed above. 4 Per capita income also varies widely, with people in Congo DR living on an average of US$765 per year compared to US$23,569 for OECD countries. The percentage of people living below the poverty (PPP) line ($1 and $2 per day) is telling. In Nigeria, the vast majority of the population lives below the poverty line, with 90.8% of Nigerians earning less than $2 a day. South Africa, the country with the highest GDP per capita in Africa, still has 35.8% of the population living on less then $2 a day. These statistics are especially important when educational issues are considered, since many studies have shown that children are forced to work (either for wages or for subsistence) in conditions of poverty. According to statistics presented in the Human Development Report 2002, several African countries have shown a negative GDP per capita growth rate between 1995 and 2000. These countries include Algeria (-0.1), Sao Tome & Principe (-0.8), Kenya (-0.5), Cameroon (-0.8), Congo (-3.4), Togo (-0.4), Madagascar (-0.9), Nigeria (-0.4), Djibouti (-3.9), Congo DR (-8.2), Gambia (-0.3), Angola (-1.8), Rwanda (-2.1), Central African Republic (-0.5), Chad (-0.8), Guinea-Bissau (-1.1), Burundi (-4.7), Niger (-1.0) and Sierra Leone (-6.5). 5. Socio-Economic Context of Sub-Saharan Africa Table 2 (on page 51) provides information about the health and wellbeing status of people living in Africa. It is evident that life expectancy varies widely across countries. Out of the ten countries listed here, all for which information was available have problems with nutritional provision. This is especially the case for Congo DR, Mozambique and Kenya, where more than 50% of the population are undernourished. Once again, this has important implications for education since cognitive development can be impaired when nutrition is poor. Furthermore, there are high levels of children under the age of five years who are under weight for their age. Nutritional problems early in life can have 4. Population growth statistics are likely to change dramatically in the next decade as the effects of the HIV/AIDS pandemic become increasingly evident.
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