ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD - World Resources Institute

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Figure 1. The <strong>World</strong> Oil Price and Oil Consumption Rates 60 50- All Market Economies i _»- •—"N. >, ts D _j CQ CQ Million 40 _ 30. • r X OECD Countries / \ s \ _.. ^^ / V • •'*'•. .-•'' '•/ \ / ^ \ <strong>World</strong> Oil Price / *-V BBL ^ 1985 20 _ / j / 10. — • — 0_ 1968 ! 1 I 1 1972 1976 Year 1980 1984 1988 The rate of oil consumption (in million barrels per day) is shown separately for the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, for developing countries, as well as for all countries with market economies. The world oil price shown is the refiner acquisition cost of imported crude oil in the United States (in 1985 U.S. dollars per barrel). Since 1977 the data are plotted quarterly. Prices are converted into constant dollars using the gross national product deflator.
Table 1. Net Oil Imports and Their Countries, 1973-1984 Relation to Export Earnings For Eight Developing (million Net Oil Imports U.S. dollars, current prices) 1973 1974 1977 1979 1981 1983 1984 Kenya Zambia Thailand Korea Philippines Brazil Argentina Jamaica India Bangladesh Tanzania 1 11 173 276 166 986 83 71 308 - 47 27 30 510 967 570 3,230 328 193 1,170 92 153 57 53 806 1,930 859 4,200 338 242 1,750 172 102 113 72 1,150 3,100 1,120 6,920 351 309 3,067 247 174 316 63 2,170 6,380 2,080 11,720 302 490 - 509 306 208 274 1,740 5,580 1,740 8,890 - - - 286 175 219 454 1,480 5,770 1,470 7,470 - - - 314 156 Imports as Percentage of Export Earnings Kenya Zambia Thailand Korea Philippines Brazil Argentina Jamaica India Bangladesh Tanzania 0.1 2.2 11.1 8.6 8.8 15.9 2.5 18.1 10.6 — 12.8 4.1 5.1 20.9 21.7 20.9 40.7 8.3 27.3 29.7 26.5 38.0 4.8 9.5 23.1 19.2 27.5 34.7 6.0 32.4 27.5 36.1 20.2 10.2 8.2 21.6 20.6 24.4 45.4 4.5 37.7 39.3 37.4 34.8 26.9 7.8 30.9 30.0 36.8 50.4 3.3 50.3 - 64.6 52.7 21.2 20.8 27.3 22.8 35.4 40.6 - - - 39.4 47.0 20.3 21.4 20.0 19.7 27.8 27.7 - - - 33.6 42.3 Source: International Monetar} r Fund, 1985
Page 1 and 2: ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD (iii
Page 3 and 4: Kathleen Courrier Publications Dire
Page 5 and 6: V. Changing the Political Economy o
Page 7 and 8: Foreword The 1970s saw nothing less
Page 9: The Energy Crisis Revisited The sha
Page 13 and 14: I. Some Surprises on the Demand Sid
Page 15 and 16: Figure 3. Cross-Section of a "Stres
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. Pre-Energy Crisis Trends i
Page 19 and 20: Figure 6. The Rapidly Changing Tech
Page 21 and 22: Figure 8. A High-Efficiency Wood St
Page 23 and 24: Figure 9. Alternative Projections o
Page 25 and 26: II. A Closer Look at the Energy Pro
Page 27 and 28: substitutes exist for fueling autom
Page 29 and 30: Tanzania. Each year human overuse l
Page 31 and 32: Higher CO 2 concentrations in the a
Page 33 and 34: would also buy time for the develop
Page 35 and 36: Figure 12. OECD Primary Energy Dema
Page 37 and 38: Figure 14. Primary Energy Consumpti
Page 39 and 40: might ensue. In short, the Middle E
Page 41 and 42: IV. Behind the Numbers E nergy is o
Page 43 and 44: Figure 15. Sectoral Distribution of
Page 45 and 46: Figure 17. Trends in the Apparent C
Page 47 and 48: containing less material per dollar
Page 49 and 50: Figure 20. The Material Intensity o
Page 51 and 52: Figure 21. Final Energy Intensity V
Page 53 and 54: Figure 23. Final Energy Intensity V
Page 55 and 56: many different technological possib
Page 57 and 58: Table 4. Distribution of Petroleum
Page 59 and 60: Table 5. Continued e. The average f
Page 61 and 62:
Detailed measurements in the late 1
Page 63 and 64:
Table 6. Energy Performance of Refr
Page 65 and 66:
Table 7. Final Energy Use in the Re
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Table 8. Oil Use by Automobiles in
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the next several decades was 37 mpg
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Table 10. Continued d. The 39-kilow
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million autos in developing countri
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(the combined production of heat an
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Table 12. Parameters Relating to th
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Table 13. Final Energy Use Scenario
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Table 14. Final Per Capita Energy U
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Table 16. Alternative Scenarios for
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Table 18. Alternative Final Energy
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Table 20. Activity Levels for a Hyp
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Table 21. Continued g. A 25 percent
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Figure 28. Final Energy Use Per Cap
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V. Changing the Political Economy o
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are controlled to protect the poor,
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plementing social goals. Far more i
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energy performance targets. Such ta
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Of course, energy utilities won't b
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The era of energy-demand consciousn
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more difficult to implement in deve
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Efforts to modernize bioenergy woul
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Table 24. Expenditures of Multilate
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support projects need not rely much
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These "threshold" countries are not
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Notes 1. The World Bank, World Deve
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35. H.S. Geller, The Potential for
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Appendix A Top-Down Representation
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Figure A-l A Top-Down Representatio
Page 123 and 124:
plausible expectations about energy
Page 125 and 126:
World Resources Institute 1735 New
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