Activity Report 2010 - CNRS

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SCIENTIFIC REPORT FURTHER READING Nature Materials 7, 308-313 (2008) Coordination-dependent surface atomic contraction in nanocrystals revealed by coherent diffraction Sapphire barriers were obtained by several cycles alternating deposition of aluminium followed by controlled oxidation by XPS. Fig. 4: Magnetic microscopy (nanoSQUID) image of a rhenium superconducting film at T = 0.3 K. The vortex of quantized magnetic flux pops up out of the plane. Due to the low trapping, a vortex moved during the scan (upper left). The Re epitaxial layers were studied by electrical transport (Tc=1.75K and 24 nm for the coherence length) and by STM spectroscopy at low temperature by C. Chapelier and T. Dubouchet (INAC). Tunnelling spectroscopy has allowed measuring an electronic density gap of the order of 250 μeV which vanishes with a BCS behaviour at a critical temperature of 1.6K. A coherence length in between 20 and 25 nm has been found, in good agreement with the value of 24 nm deduced from measurements of critical field near Tc. The nanoSQUID magnetic imaging (probe size of about 500 nm) was used to estimate the strength of trapping of a single vortex below 4 10 -16 N for a film thickness of 80 nm (Fig. 4 - Z. S. Wang, D. Hykel, K. Hasselbach and J. Kirtley). This latter value is several orders of magnitude smaller than that found in conventional superconductors, indicating the high crystalline quality of the epitaxial layer elements. The penetration depth is about 60 nm. Further measurements (optical spectroscopy) are planned to confirm the electron density. Pr. John KIRTLEY has played an active role in many aspects of the project, by interpreting nanoSQUID microscopy images and also conceiving, designing and modelling reversible nanoSQUIDs. These prototypes are currently tested (E. Andre and T. Crozes, Institut Néel). 3D coherent diffractive imaging at the nanometer scale Chair of Excellence <strong>2010</strong>: Jian Min ZUO Coordinators: Jean-Luc ROUVIERE & Vincent FAVRE-NICOLIN (INAC/SP2M) The project involves INAC, CERMAV and LETI. Although ESRF is not affiliated to the RTRA, international beamlines ID01 and ID13 at the ESRF open to any user through a peer review selection, will play an active role in this project. Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI) is an emerging method to get information about the structure of nano-objects by resolving the so-called inversion problem (Fig. 5). This project aims to promote CDI research in Grenoble by applying the CDI technique to different nanostructures elaborated in Grenoble; by comparing and combining electron and X-ray CDI (e-CDI and X-CDI) experiments; by improving the CDI technique to obtain quantitative structural information; and by giving lectures and training to junior researchers on electron diffraction and CDI. Fig. 5: HRTEM Sub-ångström imaging of a CdS quantum dot of 7nm in diameter along the cubic CdS crystal [112] orientation (a) The reconstructed image using information from the HRTEM image (b) and the diffraction pattern (c). The inset shows a magnification of the outlined region. Two types of structures will be studied: semiconductor or oxide nanowires and crystalline biopolymer complexes. It is planned to determine their 3D shape, strain and defects. In studying biopolymers, the challenge is to image the polysaccharide chains and locate the guest ligands, which requires a resolution at about 0.4 nm. Radiation damage is a major issue for biopolymers. A comparison between X-CDI and e-CDI data will be carried out. Besides X-ray experiments performed at ESRF, electron microscopy will be carried out at the Nanocharacterisation facility (PFNC) with TITAN probe-corrected microscopes. 26
7 – NANO APPROACHES TO LIFE SCIENCES Life sciences are one of the main application fields of nanosciences, as evidenced by the increasing number of proposals received along the successive call for proposals. Biological cells and molecules can be manipulated and analyzed with the greatest specificity in small volumes. Innovative devices will help building tomorrow’s medicine. MICRO- AND NANO FABRICATION FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES Contribution of 3D microenvironment to cell adhesion “New comers” Project 2008: Martial BALLAND (LIPhy) PhD student: Kalpana MANDAL Biological tissues are complex composite materials made of cells and intercellular matrix molecules secreted by the cells. Their formation and maintenance depend on both chemical and mechanical cues present in the microenvironment of each cell. Tissue biology involves therefore complex feedback loops. The aim of this project is to reproduce the organized geometry of biological tissues and to analyse quantitatively the mechanical forces developed at the cell/substrate and cell/cell interfaces. In order to measure mechanical forces, thin hydrogels are prepared that contain a homogeneous distribution of fluorescent 200nm beads (Fig. 1). The hydrogel surface is coated with fluorescent adhesion proteins, using an innovative deep-UV irradiation method developed in collaboration with Manuel Thery (IRTSV). This setup paves the way to a functional analysis of tumor cell invasiveness, which will be very useful to analyze biopsies and thus help cancer therapy. Fig. 1: Top: pictures of the adhesive protein micropattern (left) and the nanobeads distribution (right) used to calculate the cellsubstrate force distribution. Bottom: distribution of actin microfilaments (left) and traction forces (right) in a single micropatterned cell. Barscale: 20 µm Nanodroplet chip for controlled assembly of lipid bilayers and electrical detection of single-protein activity RTRA Project 2008: “Nanobiodrop" Benjamin CROSS (LEGI) Post-doctoral fellow: Anne MARTEL (IBS & LEGI) Transmembrane channels form a large class of molecules that play essential roles in cell physiology by allowing polar molecules, for instance ions, to cross biological lipid bilayer membranes. They are the target of numerous drugs and toxins. Nevertheless, conventional electrophysiological methods used to study ion channel activity are laborious and slow. FURTHER READING: SCIENTIFIC REPORT Front Biosci (Elite Ed). Jan 1;3:476-88 (2011) Multi-confocal fluorescence correlation spectroscopy The traction force distribution is computed from the bead displacement map by a Fast Fourier Traction Cytometry software. The forces developed by the micropatterned cells can thus be calculated and averaged, taking advantage of the similar geometry of the patterned cells. Significant differences between tumor cells have been evidenced, that are modulated by different tumorigenic signals. This innovative project called ‘Nanobiodrop’ uses digital microfluidics to reconstitute lipid bilayers from two nanodroplets covered with phospholipids. Electrowetting is used to manipulate these droplets and put them into contact. Some of the nanodroplets are filled with membrane proteins, which are able to spontaneously insert in the membrane, once it is formed. The electrodes are then used to monitor the ionic current that flows from one droplet into the apposed one through the incorporated transmembrane channels. CONTACTS Franz BRUCKERT franz.bruckert@inpg.fr Tel: +33 4 56 52 93 21 Julian GARCIA julian.garcia@ujf-grenoble.fr Tel: +33 4 56 52 08 31 27
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Date of publication: May 2011 We wo
Page 5: Nanosciences Foundation Activity Re
Page 9 and 10: Part I: ACHIEVEMENTS & PROSPECTS Th
Page 11 and 12: THE NANOSCIENCES FOUNDATION AT THE
Page 13 and 14: OUTSTANDING BENEFITS CATALYZED BY T
Page 15 and 16: The laureates of the 2010 Chairs of
Page 17 and 18: ‘Mobilité d’Excellence’: a n
Page 19 and 20: INTEGRATION ON SITE BETWEEN BASIC R
Page 21 and 22: OVERVIEW Fig.3: LANEF framework. Ba
Page 23 and 24: The Nanosciences Foundation budget
Page 25 and 26: The evolution of the funding progra
Page 27 and 28: OVERVIEW Fig. 6: Total number of vi
Page 29 and 30: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS One couldn’t fin
Page 31 and 32: Part II: SCIENTIFIC REPORT 1 - QUAN
Page 33 and 34: 1 - QUANTUM NANOELECTRONICS Moore
Page 35 and 36: Core/shell nanowires: conductance C
Page 37 and 38: 2 - NANOMAGNETISM AND SPINTRONICS B
Page 39 and 40: than 10 8 V/m and to compare this t
Page 41 and 42: sites. The calculations indicate th
Page 43 and 44: 3 - NANOPHOTONICS The optical prope
Page 45 and 46: Cavity-feeding : decoherence as a r
Page 47 and 48: 4 - MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS Molecular
Page 49 and 50: 5 - NANOMATERIALS, NANOASSEMBLY AND
Page 51 and 52: Phase-change memory RTRA Project 20
Page 53 and 54: 6 - NANO- CHARACTERISATION AND NANO
Page 55: when compared, for example, to the
Page 59 and 60: Innovative biochips to detect and s
Page 61 and 62: Implantable brain computer interfac
Page 63 and 64: 8 - NANOMODELING, THEORY & SIMULATI
Page 65 and 66: Growth, patterning, defects & struc
Page 67 and 68: 9 - TECHNOLOGICAL FACILITIES Create
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Page 73 and 74: 10 - EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC ANIMA
Page 75 and 76: Q-NET: a new European Initial Train
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Page 85 and 86: Workshop « New trends in Electrica
Page 87 and 88: List of the Quantum Nanoelectronics
Page 89 and 90: Hélène LE SUEUR Laboratoire de Ph
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Page 96 and 97: - Anton ANDREEV (University of Wash
Page 98 and 99: Cellulose Hybrid block copolymers /
Page 100 and 101: PART 3 S. J. C. Yates, J. J. A. Bas
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2009 Call for Proposals MUSCADE Cha
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Piotr Laczkowski, Danny Hykel, Serg
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Part IV: SUPPLEMENTS Appendix 1: th
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Appendix 2: the Foundation’s boar
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Appendix 4: the Steering Committee
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RTRA projects support Major topic A
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Appendix 6: 2010 Call for Proposals
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Education and Scientific Animation
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2008 Call for Proposals Name Nation
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Appendix 8: List of the Post Doc Fe
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Appendix 9: List of the PhD student
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PhD students supported in 2010 Name
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Appendix 11: List of the Reviewers
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2010 Call for Proposals Reviewer La
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Nom du laboratoire Département de
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Nom du laboratoire GRENOBLE INSTITU
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Nom du laboratoire Institut de Micr
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Nom du laboratoire Institut Fourier
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Nom du laboratoire Institut Néel I
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Nom du laboratoire Laboratoire d'In
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Nom du laboratoire Laboratoire de P
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SUPPLEMENTS 5 : Très nombreuses vi
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Nom du laboratoire Laboratoire Inte
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Nom du laboratoire Laboratoire Nati
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Nom du laboratoire Techniques de l
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SUPPLEMENTS 48
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HIGHLIGHTS QUANTUM NANOELECTRONICS:
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FIB NANO- TOMOGRAPHY OF DEFECTS IN
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DETECTING SINGLE NANOPARTICLE MAGNE
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QUANTUM HETEROSTRUCTURES IN II-VI N
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ELECMOL’10 CONFERENCE An importan
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CRISTAL PHASE TRANSITIONS IN PRESSU
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SCANNING GATE NANOELECTRONICS In th
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CONTROL OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AT
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Roland HERINO (past Director) Jean-
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