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482 CHAPTER 9 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION AND CORRELATION Patient No. E NE LF/HF LF Period VLF 16 4.04305 6.04501 0.11437 6.38871 MA 4.96004 17 6.28040 1.40992 6.09671 B 4.82671 17 0.12766 0.17490 0.05945 DELTA 0.69993 17 6.15273 1.23501 6.03726 MA 5.52665 18 2.39790 6.03548 0.23183 6.39707 B 6.60421 18 1.06784 0.11299 0.27977 0.38297 DELTA 1.92672 18 3.46574 6.14847 0.51160 6.01410 MA 4.67749 19 4.21951 6.35784 1.08183 5.54214 B 5.69070 19 0.21131 0.00347 0.12485 0.54440 DELTA 1.49802 19 4.43082 6.35437 1.20669 4.99774 MA 4.19268 20 4.14313 5.73334 0.89483 7.35045 B 6.93974 20 0.11778 0.00000 0.17129 0.58013 DELTA 1.72916 20 4.02535 5.73334 1.06612 6.77032 MA 5.21058 21 3.66356 6.06843 0.87315 5.09848 B 6.02972 21 0.20764 0.10485 0.41178 0.33378 DELTA 2.00974 21 3.87120 5.96358 0.46137 4.76470 MA 4.01998 22 3.29584 5.95324 2.38399 7.62877 B 7.54359 22 0.36772 0.68139 0.75014 0.89992 DELTA 1.25555 22 3.66356 6.63463 1.63384 6.72884 MA 6.28804 ¼missing data. Source: Data provided courtesy of Dr. Richard P. Sloan. 43. The purpose of a study by Chati et al. (A-32) was to ascertain the role of physical deconditioning in skeletal muscle metabolic abnormalities in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Subjects included ambulatory CHF patients (12 males, two females) ages 35 to 74 years. Among the data collected were the following measurements, during exercise, of workload (WL) under controlled conditions, peak oxygen consumption (Vo 2 ), anaerobic ventilatory threshold (AT), both measured in ml/kg/min, and exercise total time (ET) in seconds. WL Vo 2 AT ET WL Vo 2 AT ET 7.557 32.800 13.280 933.000 3.930 22.500 18.500 720.000 3.973 8.170 6.770 255.000 3.195 17.020 8.520 375.000 5.311 16.530 11.200 480.000 2.418 15.040 12.250 480.000 5.355 15.500 10.000 420.000 0.864 7.800 4.200 240.000 6.909 24.470 11.550 960.000 2.703 12.170 8.900 513.000 1.382 7.390 5.240 346.000 1.727 15.110 6.300 540.000 8.636 19.000 10.400 600.000 7.773 21.100 12.500 1200.000 Source: Data provided courtesy of Dr. Zuka€ı Chati. 44. Czader et al. (A-33) investigated certain prognostic factors in patients with centroblasticcentrocytic non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (CB/CC NHL). Subjects consisted of men and women between the ages of 20 and 84 years at time of diagnosis. Among the data collected were the following measurements on two relevant factors, A and B. The authors reported a significant correlation between the two.
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 483 A B A B A B 20.00 .154 22.34 .147 48.66 .569 36.00 .221 18.00 .132 20.00 .227 6.97 .129 18.00 .085 17.66 .125 13.67 .064 22.66 .577 14.34 .089 36.34 .402 45.34 .134 16.33 .051 39.66 .256 20.33 .246 18.34 .100 14.66 .188 16.00 .175 26.49 .202 27.00 .138 15.66 .105 13.33 .077 2.66 .078 23.00 .145 6.00 .206 22.00 .142 27.33 .129 15.67 .153 11.00 .086 6.27 .062 32.33 .549 20.00 .170 24.34 .147 22.66 .198 22.33 .769 7.34 .092 11.33 .130 29.67 .227 6.67 .099 11.66 .159 8.05 .223 22.66 .065 Source: Data provided courtesy of Dr. Magdalena Czader and Dr. Anna Porwit-MacDonald. 45. Fleroxacin, a fluoroquinolone derivative with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent activity in vitro against gram-negative and many gram-positive bacteria, was the subject of a study by Reigner and Welker (A-34). The objectives of their study were to estimate the typical values of clearance over systemic availability (CL/F) and the volume of distribution over systemic availability (V/F) after the administration of therapeutic doses of fleroxacin and to identify factors that influence the disposition of fleroxacin and to quantify the degree to which they do so. Subjects were 172 healthy male and female volunteers and uninfected patients representing a wide age range. Among the data analyzed were the following measurements (ml/min) of CL/F and creatinine clearance (CLcr). According to the authors, previous studies have shown that there is a correlation between the two variables. CL/F CLer CL/F CLer CL/F CLer CL/F CLer 137.000 96.000 77.000 67.700 152.000 109.000 132.000 111.000 106.000 83.000 57.000 51.500 100.000 82.000 94.000 118.000 165.000 100.000 69.000 52.400 86.000 88.000 90.000 111.000 127.000 101.000 69.000 65.900 69.000 67.000 87.000 124.000 139.000 116.000 76.000 60.900 108.000 68.700 48.000 10.600 102.000 78.000 77.000 93.800 77.000 83.200 26.000 9.280 72.000 84.000 66.000 73.800 85.000 72.800 54.000 12.500 86.000 81.000 53.000 99.100 89.000 82.300 36.000 9.860 85.000 77.000 26.000 110.000 105.000 71.100 26.000 4.740 122.000 102.000 89.000 99.900 66.000 56.000 39.000 7.020 76.000 80.000 44.000 73.800 73.000 61.000 27.000 6.570 57.000 67.000 27.000 65.800 64.000 79.500 36.000 13.600 62.000 41.000 96.000 109.000 26.000 9.120 15.000 7.600 90.000 93.000 102.000 76.800 29.000 8.540 138.000 100.000 (Continued )
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TENTH EDITION BIOSTATISTICS A Found
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VP & EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER: ACQUISITI
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PREFACE This 10th edition of Biosta
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PREFACE ix SUPPLEMENTS Instructor
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BRIEF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION TO BI
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xiv CONTENTS 6.3 The t Distribution
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CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOSTATIST
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1.2 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS 3 Sources o
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1.3 MEASUREMENT AND MEASUREMENT SCA
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1.4 SAMPLING AND STATISTICAL INFERE
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1.5 THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND THE D
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1.6 COMPUTERS AND BIOSTATISTICAL AN
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 17 a
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CHAPTER2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS CHA
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2.2 THE ORDERED ARRAY 21 TABLE 2.2.
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2.3 GROUPED DATA: THE FREQUENCY DIS
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EXERCISES 31 3 ¼ an abundance of s
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EXERCISES 33 25.21 30.49 27.38 36.4
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EXERCISES 35 2.3.7 In a study of ph
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EXERCISES 37 0.6870 0.6900 0.6910 0
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2.4 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: MEASURE
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EXERCISES 53 2.5.1 Porcellini et al
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 2 5
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 57 R
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 59 1
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REFERENCES 63 DRINK TOUNCES TGRAMS
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CHAPTER3 SOME BASIC PROBABILITY CON
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3.2 TWO VIEWS OF PROBABILITY: OBJEC
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3.4 CALCULATING THE PROBABILITY OF
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EXERCISES 77 (d) If we pick a subje
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3.5 BAYES’ THEOREM, SCREENING TES
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3.5 BAYES’ THEOREM, SCREENING TES
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EXERCISES 83 EXERCISES 3.5.1 A medi
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 87 (
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 89 i
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REFERENCES 91 Applications Referenc
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4.2 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF DI
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4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 99 TA
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4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 101 E
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4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 103 f
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EXAMPLE 4.3.4 According to a June 2
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EXERCISES 107 Data: C1: 0 1 2 3 4 5
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4.4 THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION 109 pr
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4.4 THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION 111 or
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4.5 CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBU
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4.5 CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBU
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4.6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 117 .68
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4.6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 119 σ
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4.6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 121 _ 2
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4.7 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION APPLICATION
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TableD,wefindthattheareatotheleftof
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EXERCISES 127 Data: C1:-3-2-10123 D
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 4 S
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 131
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REFERENCES 133 REFERENCES Methodolo
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5.2 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS 135 voca
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5.3 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEAN
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5.4 DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIFFERENCE
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EXERCISES 149 FIGURE 5.4.2 Sampling
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5.5 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE PROP
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EXERCISES 153 51 percent had adequa
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CHAPTER6 ESTIMATION CHAPTER OVERVIE
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6.1 INTRODUCTION 163 We will find t
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6.2 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR A POPUL
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6.3 THE t DISTRIBUTION 171 someone
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6.3 THE t DISTRIBUTION 173 Normal d
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EXERCISES 175 Yes Population normal
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6.4 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE DIF
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EXERCISES 183 EXERCISES R Code: > t
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6.7 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE FO
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6.8 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE FO
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6.9 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE VAR
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6.9 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE VAR
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EXERCISES 197 x 2 1 ða=2Þ ¼ 14:4
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6.10 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE RA
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6.10 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE RA
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REFERENCES 211 3. W. V. BEHRENS,
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REFERENCES 213 A-30. ELENI KOUSTA,
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 215 7.1 INTRODUCTI
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 217 question: Can
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 219 DEFINITION The
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 221 Evaluate data
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7.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: A SINGLE PO
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EXERCISES 233 Dialog box: Session c
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EXERCISES 235 7.2.10 Following a we
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7.3 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: THE DIFFERE
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EXAMPLE 7.3.2 The purpose of a stud
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EXERCISES 245 The SAS System The TT
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EXERCISES 247 Primary Hypertensive
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7.4 PAIRED COMPARISONS 249 7.3.10 R
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7.4 PAIRED COMPARISONS 251 where d
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7.4 PAIRED COMPARISONS 253 a = .05
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EXERCISES 255 7.4.1 Ellen Davis Jon
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EXERCISES 263 MINITAB Output Test a
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7.8 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: THE RATIO O
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7.8 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: THE RATIO O
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EXERCISES 271 EXERCISES In the foll
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7.9 THE TYPE II ERROR AND THE POWER
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7.9 THE TYPE II ERROR AND THE POWER
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7.10 DETERMINING SAMPLE SIZE TO CON
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EXERCISES 279 We set the right-hand
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REFERENCES 301 A-17. JOHN S. MORLEY
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REFERENCES 303 A-56. LUIGI BENINI,
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8.1 INTRODUCTION 305 8.1 INTRODUCTI
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8.1 INTRODUCTION 307 who received d
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8.2 THE COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIG
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Dependent Variable: Selenium Tukey
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EXERCISES 329 Elbow Angle (Degrees)
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EXERCISES 331 Age Groups (Years) Ag
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EXERCISES 333 Group 1 Group 2 Group
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Objective The objective in using th
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8.3 THE RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK D
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EXERCISES 343 The SAS System Analys
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EXERCISES 345 group were randomly a
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8.4 THE REPEATED MEASURES DESIGN 34
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EXERCISES 357 Is there sufficient e
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 359 In
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 361 In
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 363 Be
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 365 TA
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 367 Ro
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EXERCISES 369 The SAS System Analys
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EXERCISES 371 Physical Psychiatric
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8.6 SUMMARY 373 Percent Change in C
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REFERENCES 409 Applications Referen
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REFERENCES 411 Postmenopausal Women
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CHAPTER9 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION A
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9.2 THE REGRESSION MODEL 415 some e
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9.3 THE SAMPLE REGRESSION EQUATION
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EXERCISES EXERCISES 423 The Least-S
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EXERCISES 425 CoaguChek Hospital Co
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9.4 EVALUATING THE REGRESSION EQUAT
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9.4 EVALUATING THE REGRESSION EQUAT
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Page 479 and 480: 9.9 SUMMARY 461 variance, which tes
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Page 499: REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 481
Page 505 and 506: REFERENCES 487 A-4. ROBERT B. PARKE
Page 507 and 508: CHAPTER10 MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND C
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Page 515 and 516: EXERCISES 497 EXERCISES Obtain the
Page 517 and 518: EXERCISES 499 10.3.3 In a study of
Page 519 and 520: 10.4 EVALUATING THE MULTIPLE REGRES
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REFERENCES 537 4. Refer to the data
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CHAPTER11 REGRESSION ANALYSIS: SOME
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11.1 INTRODUCTION 541 TABLE 11.1.1
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11.2 QUALITATIVE INDEPENDENT VARIAB
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EXERCISES 557 11.2.1 For subjects u
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EXERCISES 559 11.2.4 Refer to Exerc
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11.3 VARIABLE SELECTION PROCEDURES
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11.3 VARIABLE SELECTION PROCEDURES
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EXERCISES 565 CGAGE CGINCOME CGDUR
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EXERCISES 567 11.3.2 Machiel Naeije
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 569 REACTI
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 571 betwee
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 573 The LO
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 575 Standa
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 577 Parame
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 579 Model
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EXERCISES EXERCISES 581 Further Rea
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 11
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REFERENCES 597 KNOW ¼ Knowledge. S
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REFERENCES 599 A-26. EITHNE MULLOYa
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12.1 INTRODUCTION 12.2 THE MATHEMAT
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12.2 THE MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 605 W
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 607 x
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 609 9
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that the first expected frequency i
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 613 T
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 615 V
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EXERCISES 617 EXERCISES 12.3.1 The
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 619 12.3
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Observed Versus Expected Frequencie
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 623 Comp
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 625 Note
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 627 9. C
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EXERCISES 629 Performed Baseline Te
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12.5 TESTS OF HOMOGENEITY 631 TABLE
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12.5 TESTS OF HOMOGENEITY 633 8. St
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EXERCISES 635 12.5.2 Coughlin et al
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Hypotheses alternatives. 12.6 THE F
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12.6 THE FISHER EXACT TEST 639 TABL
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12.7 RELATIVE RISK, ODDS RATIO, AND
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EXERCISES 653 Smoking_status * Obse
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12.8 SUMMARY 655 collected data on
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REFERENCES 667 12. R. LATSCHA, “T
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REFERENCES 669 A-35. CRAIG R. COHEN
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13.1 INTRODUCTION 671 2. be able to
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 673 13.3 THE SIG
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 675 TABLE 13.3.2
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 677 EXAMPLE 13.3
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 679 one sample i
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13.4 THE WILCOXON SIGNED-RANK TEST
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13.4 THE WILCOXON SIGNED-RANK TEST
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13.5 THE MEDIAN TEST 687 TABLE 13.5
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EXAMPLE 13.6.1 A researcher designe
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13.6 THE MANN-WHITNEY TEST 693 to t
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13.6 THE MANN-WHITNEY TEST 695 Dial
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EXERCISES 697 deficit in Sprague-Da
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Assumptions the following: 1. The s
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13.7 THE KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV GOODNES
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EXERCISES 703 1.0 .9 Cumulative rel
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13.8 THE KRUSKAL-WALLIS ONE-WAY ANA
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13.8 THE KRUSKAL-WALLIS ONE-WAY ANA
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EXERCISES 709 Data: C1: 12.22 28.44
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EXERCISES 711 Improvement (Control)
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13.9 THE FRIEDMAN TWO-WAY ANALYSIS
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13.9 THE FRIEDMAN TWO-WAY ANALYSIS
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EXERCISES 717 Subject Area Student
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13.10 THE SPEARMAN RANK CORRELATION
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EXERCISES 725 Rank by Rank by Area
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13.11 NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION ANAL
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REFERENCES 747 cardiac operations.
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REFERENCES 749 A-14. WENDY GANTT an
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14.2 TIME-TO-EVENT DATA AND CENSORI
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14.3 THE KAPLAN-MEIER PROCEDURE 757
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14.3 THE KAPLAN-MEIER PROCEDURE 759
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EXERCISES 761 1.0 .8 73% Low-grade
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14.4 COMPARING SURVIVAL CURVES 763
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14.4 COMPARING SURVIVAL CURVES 765
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EXERCISES 767 EXERCISES 14.4.1 If a
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14.5 COX REGRESSION: THE PROPORTION
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14.5 COX REGRESSION: THE PROPORTION
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REFERENCES 777 REFERENCES Methodolo
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A-2 APPENDIX STATISTICAL TABLES
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ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES C
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ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES A
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I-2 INDEX Confidence coefficient, 1
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I-4 INDEX Median test, 686-689 MINI
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I-6 INDEX SAS: and chi-square analy
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Biostatistics

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