Biostatistics

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A-124 ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES 49. 95.0% C.I. for m 1 m 2 : ð 83:8; 20Þ t test m 1 m 2 ðvs: not ¼Þ : t ¼ 3:30 p ¼ :0021 d:f: ¼ 42 t test m 1 m 2 ðvs: < Þ : t ¼ 3:30 p ¼ :0011 d:f: ¼ 42 51. 95.0% C.I. for m GROUP 1–m GROUP 2 (.5, 26.4) t test m GROUP 1 ¼ m GROUP 2 ðvs: not ¼Þ : t ¼ 2:88 p ¼ :045 d:f: ¼ 4 53. 95.0% C.I. for m 1 m 2 : ð 3:00; 22Þ t test m 1 ¼ m 2 ðvs: not ¼Þ : t ¼ :29 p ¼ :77 d:f: ¼ 53 Both use Pooled StDev ¼ 4:84 55. 95.0% C.I. for m PT m C : ð7:6; 18:8Þ t test m PT ¼ m C ðvs: not ¼Þ : t ¼ 4:78 p ¼ 0:0000 d:f: ¼ 31 Chapter 8 Answers for 8.2.1–8.2.7 obtained by SAS 1 8.2.1. F = 6.24 p = .0004 Alpha 0.05 Error Degrees of Freedom 325 Error Mean Square 1.068347 Critical Value of Studentized Range 3.65207 Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***. Difference Simultaneous Group Between 95% Confidence Comparison Means Limits 90 - 30 0.1911 -0.1831 0.5652 90 - 120 0.6346 0.1320 1.1372 *** 90 - 60 0.6386 0.1360 1.1413 *** 30 - 90 -0.1911 -0.5652 0.1831 30 - 120 0.4436 -0.1214 1.0085 30 – 60 0.4476 -0.1173 1.0125 120 - 90 -0.6346 -1.1372 -0.1320 *** 120 - 30 -0.4436 -1.0085 0.1214 120 - 60 0.0040 -0.6531 0.6611 60 - 90 -0.6386 -1.1413 -0.1320 *** 60 - 30 -0.4476 -1.0125 0.1173 60 - 120 -0.0040 -0.6611 0.6531 8.2.3. F = 9.36 p = < .0001 Alpha 0.05 Error Degrees of Freedom 109
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES A-125 Error Mean Square 211252.3 Critical Value of Studentized Range 3.68984 Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***. Difference Simultaneous Group Between 95% Confidence Comparison Means Limits A - B 455.72 45.73 865.71 *** A - C 574.54 235.48 913.59 *** A - D 596.63 287.88 905.39 *** B - A -455.72 -865.71 -45.73 *** B - C 118.82 -271.45 509.09 B - D 140.91 -223.34 505.17 C - A -574.54 -913.59 -235.48 *** C - B -118.82 -509.0 271.45 C - D 22.10 -259.95 304.14 D - A -596.63 -905.39 -287.88 *** D - B -140.91 -505.17 223.34 D - C -22.10 -304.14 259.95 8.2.5. F = 9.26 p = .0009 Alpha 0.05 Error Degrees of Freedom 26 Error Mean Square 637.384 Critical Value of Studentized Range 3.51417 Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***. Difference Simultaneous Group Between 95% Confidence Comparison Means Limits Y - MA 18.16 -10.67 46.98 Y - E 48.13 20.07 76.19 *** MA - Y -18.16 -46.98 10.67 MA - E 29.97 1.15 58.80 *** E - Y -48.13 -76.19 -20.07 *** E - MA -29.97 -58.80 -1.15 *** 8.2.7. F = 4.94 p = .0026 Alpha 0.05 Error Degrees of Freedom 174 Error Mean Square 0.17783 Critical Value of Studentized Range 3.66853
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TENTH EDITION BIOSTATISTICS A Found
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VP & EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER: ACQUISITI
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PREFACE This 10th edition of Biosta
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PREFACE ix SUPPLEMENTS Instructor
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BRIEF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION TO BI
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xiv CONTENTS 6.3 The t Distribution
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CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOSTATIST
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1.2 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS 3 Sources o
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1.3 MEASUREMENT AND MEASUREMENT SCA
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1.4 SAMPLING AND STATISTICAL INFERE
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1.5 THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND THE D
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1.6 COMPUTERS AND BIOSTATISTICAL AN
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 17 a
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CHAPTER2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS CHA
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2.2 THE ORDERED ARRAY 21 TABLE 2.2.
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2.3 GROUPED DATA: THE FREQUENCY DIS
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EXERCISES 31 3 ¼ an abundance of s
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EXERCISES 33 25.21 30.49 27.38 36.4
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EXERCISES 35 2.3.7 In a study of ph
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EXERCISES 37 0.6870 0.6900 0.6910 0
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2.4 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: MEASURE
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EXERCISES 53 2.5.1 Porcellini et al
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 2 5
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 57 R
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 59 1
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REFERENCES 63 DRINK TOUNCES TGRAMS
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CHAPTER3 SOME BASIC PROBABILITY CON
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3.2 TWO VIEWS OF PROBABILITY: OBJEC
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3.4 CALCULATING THE PROBABILITY OF
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EXERCISES 77 (d) If we pick a subje
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3.5 BAYES’ THEOREM, SCREENING TES
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3.5 BAYES’ THEOREM, SCREENING TES
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EXERCISES 83 EXERCISES 3.5.1 A medi
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 87 (
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 89 i
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REFERENCES 91 Applications Referenc
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4.2 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF DI
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4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 99 TA
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4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 101 E
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4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 103 f
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EXAMPLE 4.3.4 According to a June 2
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EXERCISES 107 Data: C1: 0 1 2 3 4 5
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4.4 THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION 109 pr
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4.4 THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION 111 or
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4.5 CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBU
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4.5 CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBU
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4.6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 117 .68
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4.6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 119 σ
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4.6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 121 _ 2
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4.7 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION APPLICATION
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TableD,wefindthattheareatotheleftof
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EXERCISES 127 Data: C1:-3-2-10123 D
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 4 S
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 131
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REFERENCES 133 REFERENCES Methodolo
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5.2 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS 135 voca
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5.3 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEAN
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5.4 DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIFFERENCE
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EXERCISES 149 FIGURE 5.4.2 Sampling
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5.5 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE PROP
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EXERCISES 153 51 percent had adequa
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CHAPTER6 ESTIMATION CHAPTER OVERVIE
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6.1 INTRODUCTION 163 We will find t
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6.2 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR A POPUL
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6.3 THE t DISTRIBUTION 171 someone
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6.3 THE t DISTRIBUTION 173 Normal d
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EXERCISES 175 Yes Population normal
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6.4 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE DIF
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EXERCISES 183 EXERCISES R Code: > t
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6.7 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE FO
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6.8 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE FO
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6.9 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE VAR
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6.9 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE VAR
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EXERCISES 197 x 2 1 ða=2Þ ¼ 14:4
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6.10 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE RA
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6.10 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE RA
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REFERENCES 211 3. W. V. BEHRENS,
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REFERENCES 213 A-30. ELENI KOUSTA,
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 215 7.1 INTRODUCTI
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 217 question: Can
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 219 DEFINITION The
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 221 Evaluate data
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7.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: A SINGLE PO
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EXERCISES 233 Dialog box: Session c
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EXERCISES 235 7.2.10 Following a we
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7.3 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: THE DIFFERE
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EXAMPLE 7.3.2 The purpose of a stud
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EXERCISES 245 The SAS System The TT
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EXERCISES 247 Primary Hypertensive
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7.4 PAIRED COMPARISONS 249 7.3.10 R
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7.4 PAIRED COMPARISONS 251 where d
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7.4 PAIRED COMPARISONS 253 a = .05
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EXERCISES 255 7.4.1 Ellen Davis Jon
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EXERCISES 263 MINITAB Output Test a
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7.8 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: THE RATIO O
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7.8 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: THE RATIO O
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EXERCISES 271 EXERCISES In the foll
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7.9 THE TYPE II ERROR AND THE POWER
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7.9 THE TYPE II ERROR AND THE POWER
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7.10 DETERMINING SAMPLE SIZE TO CON
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EXERCISES 279 We set the right-hand
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REFERENCES 301 A-17. JOHN S. MORLEY
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REFERENCES 303 A-56. LUIGI BENINI,
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8.1 INTRODUCTION 305 8.1 INTRODUCTI
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8.1 INTRODUCTION 307 who received d
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8.2 THE COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIG
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Dependent Variable: Selenium Tukey
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EXERCISES 329 Elbow Angle (Degrees)
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EXERCISES 331 Age Groups (Years) Ag
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EXERCISES 333 Group 1 Group 2 Group
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Objective The objective in using th
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8.3 THE RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK D
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EXERCISES 343 The SAS System Analys
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EXERCISES 345 group were randomly a
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8.4 THE REPEATED MEASURES DESIGN 34
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EXERCISES 357 Is there sufficient e
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 359 In
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 361 In
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 363 Be
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 365 TA
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 367 Ro
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EXERCISES 369 The SAS System Analys
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EXERCISES 371 Physical Psychiatric
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8.6 SUMMARY 373 Percent Change in C
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REFERENCES 409 Applications Referen
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REFERENCES 411 Postmenopausal Women
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CHAPTER9 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION A
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9.2 THE REGRESSION MODEL 415 some e
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9.3 THE SAMPLE REGRESSION EQUATION
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EXERCISES EXERCISES 423 The Least-S
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EXERCISES 425 CoaguChek Hospital Co
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9.4 EVALUATING THE REGRESSION EQUAT
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9.5 USING THE REGRESSION EQUATION I
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9.5 USING THE REGRESSION EQUATION 4
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9.6 THE CORRELATION MODEL 445 9.6 T
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9.7 THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT 447
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EXERCISES 455 is employed. We first
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EXERCISES 457 9.7.3 In the study by
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9.8 SOME PRECAUTIONS 459 X Y X Y 5.
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9.9 SUMMARY 461 variance, which tes
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9.7.3 t statistic for correlation c
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REFERENCES 487 A-4. ROBERT B. PARKE
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CHAPTER10 MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND C
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Assumptions follows. 10.2 THE MULTI
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10.3 OBTAINING THE MULTIPLE REGRESS
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10.3 OBTAINING THE MULTIPLE REGRESS
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EXERCISES 497 EXERCISES Obtain the
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EXERCISES 499 10.3.3 In a study of
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10.4 EVALUATING THE MULTIPLE REGRES
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10.5 USING THE MULTIPLE REGRESSION
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EXERCISES 509 and has an education
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10.6 THE MULTIPLE CORRELATION MODEL
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This equation may be used for estim
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EXERCISES 521 HIV DNA Blood (Y) HIV
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 10
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10.6.7 t statistic for testing hypo
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REFERENCES 537 4. Refer to the data
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CHAPTER11 REGRESSION ANALYSIS: SOME
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11.1 INTRODUCTION 541 TABLE 11.1.1
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11.2 QUALITATIVE INDEPENDENT VARIAB
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EXERCISES 557 11.2.1 For subjects u
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EXERCISES 559 11.2.4 Refer to Exerc
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11.3 VARIABLE SELECTION PROCEDURES
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11.3 VARIABLE SELECTION PROCEDURES
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EXERCISES 565 CGAGE CGINCOME CGDUR
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EXERCISES 567 11.3.2 Machiel Naeije
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 569 REACTI
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 571 betwee
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 573 The LO
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 575 Standa
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 577 Parame
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 579 Model
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EXERCISES EXERCISES 581 Further Rea
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REFERENCES 597 KNOW ¼ Knowledge. S
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REFERENCES 599 A-26. EITHNE MULLOYa
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12.1 INTRODUCTION 12.2 THE MATHEMAT
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12.2 THE MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 605 W
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 607 x
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 609 9
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that the first expected frequency i
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 613 T
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 615 V
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EXERCISES 617 EXERCISES 12.3.1 The
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 619 12.3
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Observed Versus Expected Frequencie
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 623 Comp
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 625 Note
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 627 9. C
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EXERCISES 629 Performed Baseline Te
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12.5 TESTS OF HOMOGENEITY 631 TABLE
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12.5 TESTS OF HOMOGENEITY 633 8. St
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EXERCISES 635 12.5.2 Coughlin et al
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Hypotheses alternatives. 12.6 THE F
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12.6 THE FISHER EXACT TEST 639 TABL
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12.7 RELATIVE RISK, ODDS RATIO, AND
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EXERCISES 653 Smoking_status * Obse
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12.8 SUMMARY 655 collected data on
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REFERENCES 667 12. R. LATSCHA, “T
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REFERENCES 669 A-35. CRAIG R. COHEN
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13.1 INTRODUCTION 671 2. be able to
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 673 13.3 THE SIG
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 675 TABLE 13.3.2
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 677 EXAMPLE 13.3
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 679 one sample i
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13.4 THE WILCOXON SIGNED-RANK TEST
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13.4 THE WILCOXON SIGNED-RANK TEST
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13.5 THE MEDIAN TEST 687 TABLE 13.5
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EXAMPLE 13.6.1 A researcher designe
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13.6 THE MANN-WHITNEY TEST 693 to t
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13.6 THE MANN-WHITNEY TEST 695 Dial
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EXERCISES 697 deficit in Sprague-Da
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Assumptions the following: 1. The s
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13.7 THE KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV GOODNES
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EXERCISES 703 1.0 .9 Cumulative rel
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13.8 THE KRUSKAL-WALLIS ONE-WAY ANA
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13.8 THE KRUSKAL-WALLIS ONE-WAY ANA
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EXERCISES 709 Data: C1: 12.22 28.44
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EXERCISES 711 Improvement (Control)
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13.9 THE FRIEDMAN TWO-WAY ANALYSIS
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13.9 THE FRIEDMAN TWO-WAY ANALYSIS
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EXERCISES 717 Subject Area Student
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13.10 THE SPEARMAN RANK CORRELATION
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EXERCISES 725 Rank by Rank by Area
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13.11 NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION ANAL
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13.11 NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION ANAL
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REFERENCES 747 cardiac operations.
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REFERENCES 749 A-14. WENDY GANTT an
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14.2 TIME-TO-EVENT DATA AND CENSORI
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14.3 THE KAPLAN-MEIER PROCEDURE 757
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14.3 THE KAPLAN-MEIER PROCEDURE 759
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EXERCISES 761 1.0 .8 73% Low-grade
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14.4 COMPARING SURVIVAL CURVES 763
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14.4 COMPARING SURVIVAL CURVES 765
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EXERCISES 767 EXERCISES 14.4.1 If a
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14.5 COX REGRESSION: THE PROPORTION
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14.5 COX REGRESSION: THE PROPORTION
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REFERENCES 777 REFERENCES Methodolo
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A-2 APPENDIX STATISTICAL TABLES
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Page 870 and 871: A-74 APPENDIX STATISTICAL TABLES
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Page 952 and 953: I-2 INDEX Confidence coefficient, 1
Page 954 and 955: I-4 INDEX Median test, 686-689 MINI
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