WP6-Brochure-E4 brochure - ELA European Lift Association.

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traction or hydraulic, required a machine room where the motor – and pump, in the case of hydraulic lifts – and a control cabinet were stored (see figures 2‐3 and 2‐4) due to the size of the equipment. This machine room was typically located above the lift shaft for traction lifts (or below for hydraulic lifts). Evolution in permanent magnet motor technology (see p. 23) and motor drives (see p. 17) allowed a significant reduction in the size and shape of these components which, in turn, made it possible to fit all the equipment directly into the lift shaft (these lifts are normally equipped with high efficiency gearless permanent magnet motors). Also, the size of the motor is reduced by the roping system used (see pp. 33). The ends of the cables are fixed to the supporting structure, and suspension sheaves are provided above (or below) the car and counterweight creating a force‐multiplying, compound pulley system. With 2:1 or 4:1 roping, car speed is reduced to 1/2 or 1/4, respectively, of the rope speed, and the load on the rope is reduced to 1/2 or 1/4 as well, hence the diameter and number of ropes can be reduced and a smaller motor can be used. Figure 2‐5 shows the typical configuration of a Machine Roomless lift with 2:1 roping arrangement. Figure 2‐5. Machine Roomless Lift typical configuration (source: Wittur) 10
Some manufacturers have gone even further, presenting solutions with 10:1 roping systems, avoiding the need for a counterweight and, therefore, freeing up space for a larger car. This product is directed at renovations since it is able to substitute older and more confined cars with bigger ones that can better accommodate wheelchairs or baby carriers, for example. Figure 2‐6. Space saved by avoiding the counterweight (source: KONE) Machine roomless (MRL) lifts were initially limited by factors such as travel height, speed and capacity, but nowadays they can be provided with travel distances of up to 80 m, capacities of eight (630 kg) to 21 people (1.600 kg), and contract speeds of up to 2,5 m/s. Another advantage of MRL lifts is that the high efficiencies of modern traction gearless machines used rarely require additional ventilation. MRL lifts offer alternative solutions without the limitations on speed and rise that may apply to a hydraulic installation and at competitive prices. Their market share is growing rapidly and is expected to make up 90 percent of new lift deliveries by 2020 [1]. 2.2 Hydraulic Lifts Hydraulic lifts are by far the most common type of lift installed in low rise applications (up to 6 or 7 floors). One of the main reasons for its wide acceptance in some European countries is its relatively low initial cost. This type of lift uses a hydraulic cylinder to move the car. An electric motor drives a pump which forces a fluid into the cylinder. Valves control the fluid flow for a gentle descent, allowing the hydraulic fluid (usually oil) to flow back to the tank. In some cases, the cylinder is placed in a hole in the ground. Some types of holeless hydraulic lifts can be found in the market for low‐rise applications, which substantially reduce the risk of groundwater contamination. Due to restrictive laws in European countries, hydraulic lifts are usually of the telescopic cylinder or roped types. 11
Page 1 and 2: E4 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEVATORS AND E
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 Introduction ...........
Page 5 and 6: 1 Introduction Means of vertical tr
Page 7 and 8: 2 Lift and Escalator Technologies T
Page 9: Figure 2‐3. Configuration of Gear
Page 13 and 14: • Conventional hydraulic units do
Page 15 and 16: [2] Sachs, H., “Opportunities for
Page 17 and 18: High efficiency motors are typicall
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3‐3. Effect of load on pow
Page 21 and 22: If the linear motor is mounted on t
Page 23 and 24: 3 Phase AC input 50 Hz AC/DC Conver
Page 25 and 26: preventing the car from falling. Ty
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3‐14. Regenerative operati
Page 29 and 30: occupied by lift support systems. A
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3‐19. Possible configurati
Page 33 and 34: After the introduction of relay log
Page 35 and 36: It is evident that the way lifts ar
Page 37 and 38: When combined with hall call contro
Page 39 and 40: of the torque of the 1:1 roping sch
Page 41 and 42: times as quickly as a 720 mm sheave
Page 43 and 44: LEDs are also a very efficient solu
Page 45 and 46: • Car electronics • Light curta
Page 47 and 48: The major cause of energy consumpti
Page 49 and 50: 3.9 Efficient Escalators and Moving
Page 51 and 52: These bearings feature optimised in
Page 53 and 54: 4 Market Characterisation As part o
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4‐2. Lift Distribution acc
Page 57 and 58: The next three figures show the lif
Page 59 and 60: 5 Results of the Monitoring Campaig
Page 61 and 62:
the lift, but does not include addi
Page 63 and 64:
Where, E standby Standby Energy use
Page 65 and 66:
Figure 5‐4 shows a typical cycle
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 5‐6. Travel cycle consumpt
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 5‐9. Measured standby powe
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 5‐12. Annual Energy consum
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 5‐16. Annual Energy consum
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 5‐19. Annual electricity c
Page 77 and 78:
6.1.1 Determination of the average
Page 79 and 80:
Where, P mech E cycle η system h v
Page 81 and 82:
6.2. Electricity consumption of lif
Page 83 and 84:
6.3. Estimation of potential saving
Page 85 and 86:
The results show that overall savin
Page 87 and 88:
6.5. Estimation of Savings Potentia
Page 89 and 90:
Identification of stakeholders and
Page 91 and 92:
Table 7‐1. Categories of stakehol
Page 93 and 94:
esults were presented and discussed
Page 95 and 96:
We also asked which stakeholder inf
Page 97 and 98:
not rate an item. Reasons for non
Page 99 and 100:
Further barriers We asked responden
Page 101 and 102:
Raising awareness Setting a standar
Page 103 and 104:
Further topics This section address
Page 105 and 106:
The scope of the present study is o
Page 107 and 108:
Table 7‐4. Energy efficiency: Spe
Page 109 and 110:
10 Check system architecture Ropes
Page 111 and 112:
17 Avoid stalled motor door operato
Page 113 and 114:
24 Switch off other lift components
Page 115 and 116:
passenger arrives. However, an addi
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WP6-Brochure-E4 brochure - ELA European Lift Association.

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