WP6-Brochure-E4 brochure - ELA European Lift Association.

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Figure 3‐35. Comparison of energy usage for 100.000 travels per year (source: Bucher Hydraulics) Further savings can be achieved by using a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) driving the pump and four quadrant running ability used in both pump and motor in both forward running and reverse running, allowing for regeneration [17]. When the cabin is travelling upwards, if the power from the accumulator is not enough, the variable‐frequency‐controlled electric motor can add power. In the same way, if the power from the accumulator is too much, the electric motor must be controlled to branch off a certain amount of power through the shaft of PMSM. The power that branched off can be fed back into the electric power network. 48
3.9 Efficient Escalators and Moving Walks As in lifts, the efficiency of escalators’ components is of the utmost importance. High efficiency motors, drives, transmissions, bearings, etc. can yield significant savings and are, in most cases, cost‐effective. As an example, planetary, helical, and hypoid helical gears can reach efficiencies of up to 96% and are now available from many manufacturers as a substitute for lower efficiency worm gears. Proper maintenance and lubrication of components also helps keep the equipments efficiency at its maximum. Normally, escalators are always moving regardless of load conditions, causing energy wastage when there are no passengers to move. One of the biggest opportunities for improvement is, therefore, to adequately adjust the speed to the passenger demand at any given time by the use of variable‐voltage or variable‐voltage variable‐frequency converter. In the first option, the escalator is kept travelling at nominal speed. By reducing the voltage under low load conditions the magnetising current is also reduced, decreasing the motor iron losses, which are proportional to the square of the magnetic flux. Joule losses are also reduced while the power factor is increased. This type of equipment incorporates a soft‐start and is small enough to replace the starter fitted in existing systems. When using VVVF drive, the speed can be adjusted to match the passenger demand, thus reducing energy consumption and wear. Unlike other options (see below), VVVF drives provide very smooth, almost imperceptible speed transitions. Typically, three modes of operation are provided by variable speed escalators. After a predefined period of inactivity, escalators reduce their speed and reach the so called “reduced‐speed” mode. The consumption in this “reduced‐speed” mode is more or less half the consumption in the normal operation mode. After reaching this mode of operation, and after another predefined interval of time, the escalator is put into a STOP mode. At this STOP mode, only the control system and the passenger detection system (pressure mats, photocells or infra‐red beams) are kept running. When a passenger is detected, the escalator slowly begins to move again, gently accelerating until it reaches nominal speed. Depending on the intensity of use of the escalator, this option can save up to 40% of the escalators energy consumption. Figure 3‐36 illustrates escalator’s power consumption at different operating modes. 49
Page 1 and 2: E4 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEVATORS AND E
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 Introduction ...........
Page 5 and 6: 1 Introduction Means of vertical tr
Page 7 and 8: 2 Lift and Escalator Technologies T
Page 9 and 10: Figure 2‐3. Configuration of Gear
Page 11 and 12: Some manufacturers have gone even f
Page 13 and 14: • Conventional hydraulic units do
Page 15 and 16: [2] Sachs, H., “Opportunities for
Page 17 and 18: High efficiency motors are typicall
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3‐3. Effect of load on pow
Page 21 and 22: If the linear motor is mounted on t
Page 23 and 24: 3 Phase AC input 50 Hz AC/DC Conver
Page 25 and 26: preventing the car from falling. Ty
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3‐14. Regenerative operati
Page 29 and 30: occupied by lift support systems. A
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3‐19. Possible configurati
Page 33 and 34: After the introduction of relay log
Page 35 and 36: It is evident that the way lifts ar
Page 37 and 38: When combined with hall call contro
Page 39 and 40: of the torque of the 1:1 roping sch
Page 41 and 42: times as quickly as a 720 mm sheave
Page 43 and 44: LEDs are also a very efficient solu
Page 45 and 46: • Car electronics • Light curta
Page 47: The major cause of energy consumpti
Page 51 and 52: These bearings feature optimised in
Page 53 and 54: 4 Market Characterisation As part o
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4‐2. Lift Distribution acc
Page 57 and 58: The next three figures show the lif
Page 59 and 60: 5 Results of the Monitoring Campaig
Page 61 and 62: the lift, but does not include addi
Page 63 and 64: Where, E standby Standby Energy use
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5‐4 shows a typical cycle
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5‐6. Travel cycle consumpt
Page 69 and 70: Figure 5‐9. Measured standby powe
Page 71 and 72: Figure 5‐12. Annual Energy consum
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5‐16. Annual Energy consum
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5‐19. Annual electricity c
Page 77 and 78: 6.1.1 Determination of the average
Page 79 and 80: Where, P mech E cycle η system h v
Page 81 and 82: 6.2. Electricity consumption of lif
Page 83 and 84: 6.3. Estimation of potential saving
Page 85 and 86: The results show that overall savin
Page 87 and 88: 6.5. Estimation of Savings Potentia
Page 89 and 90: Identification of stakeholders and
Page 91 and 92: Table 7‐1. Categories of stakehol
Page 93 and 94: esults were presented and discussed
Page 95 and 96: We also asked which stakeholder inf
Page 97 and 98: not rate an item. Reasons for non
Page 99 and 100:
Further barriers We asked responden
Page 101 and 102:
Raising awareness Setting a standar
Page 103 and 104:
Further topics This section address
Page 105 and 106:
The scope of the present study is o
Page 107 and 108:
Table 7‐4. Energy efficiency: Spe
Page 109 and 110:
10 Check system architecture Ropes
Page 111 and 112:
17 Avoid stalled motor door operato
Page 113 and 114:
24 Switch off other lift components
Page 115 and 116:
passenger arrives. However, an addi
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WP6-Brochure-E4 brochure - ELA European Lift Association.

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