WP6-Brochure-E4 brochure - ELA European Lift Association.

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This indicates that expertise is limited, due to the complexity of the products, the low degree of comparability between installations and due to missing data and standards for measuring energy consumption, as well as rapid technological advances in some areas. However, no clear advice could be derived regarding measures to overcome the problem of missing data. On the one hand, doubts were repeatedly expressed about the possibility of giving standardised advice on how to achieve energy efficiency and economic efficiency for an individual installation. On the other hand, it is claimed that exactly this kind of information is needed. Additionally, some interview partners emphasised the importance of drawing more attention to balancing financial investments and possible savings. Regarding retrofits, doubts were expressed whether it makes sense to modernise an installation only to enhance energy efficiency. In general, some experts pointed to the long life‐cycles of installations which offer a long time range for investments to become efficient. Moreover, economic efficiency was perceived to be more easily realised for large‐scale installations than for small‐scale ones. We further asked experts to elaborate on the decisive aspects for customers when choosing an installation. Price was pointed out by the majority as the central aspect. The amount of investment is especially influential for the buying decision if the customer is not the final owner and/or user of the installation, i.e. if a building is erected by a general contractor. Lifecycle costs – and therefore costs for energy consumption – were hardly mentioned as a decisive criterion. Further aspects seen as influential in the choice of a model were maintenance, services offered by the manufacturing company and – to a lesser degree – running speed, comfort, interior and aesthetics as well as running smoothness. Moreover, the interview partners acknowledged that the intended usage, e.g. capacity, aspects related to accessibility, also influences the choice of equipment. However, several experts complained that the requirements of equipment are often not thoroughly analysed, thus leading to misspecifications. From an architectural point of view, the amount of space needed for the lift shaft was also seen as an important aspect. Surprisingly, safety was only mentioned twice; however, we assume that this is due to high safety standards already implemented. We also asked if existing legislation, regulations or norms impede energy efficiency, thereby creating a barrier. However, most respondents confirmed that this is not the case. On the contrary, experts pointed out that lifts and escalators suffer from a lack of regulation, e.g. as they are not included in the EPBD and their national implementations. Legal uncertainty was repeatedly discussed in connection with regeneration – an issue that will be further discussed below. Regarding differences between lifts and escalators, the statements of the experts confirm our analysis. As lifts are more complex, they yield more potential for improvement in terms of energy efficiency. Moreover, escalator models from different manufacturers are technologically similar, i.e. competition in the market is mainly about prices. 94
We also asked which stakeholder influences the most when choosing the technology for a certain installation. However, the answers emphasised a large range of influential stakeholders. In general, the manufacturer and its sales department have a strong influence regarding types of installations offered to a client. On the clients’ side, there may be a specialised consultant making a choice – however, this is regarded as an exception. Otherwise, it depends on the individual constellation, there may be an architect or construction engineer involved, sometimes the operator or owner of the building becomes involved; in the case of new buildings, the technical equipment including the lift is chosen by the responsible general contractor. However, situations vary and, therefore, measures to overcome the identified barriers have to address different kinds of target groups. Results from the interviews on barriers A summary of the results regarding barriers is given in Figure 7‐2. Operators: Not monitoring energy costs don't know mostly sometimes never /hardly 0 5 10 15 20 Operators: No responsible employee energy related issues of equipment don't know mostly sometimes never /hardly 0 5 10 15 20 Decision‐maker aware of energy consumption don't know mostly sometimes never /hardly 0 5 10 15 20 Information on energy‐efficient technology difficult to obtain don't know mostly sometimes never /hardly 0 5 10 15 20 Energy costs not paid by decisionmaker don't know mostly sometimes never /hardly 0 5 10 15 20 More efficient components if more transparency don't know mostly sometimes never /hardly 0 5 10 15 20 don't know mostly sometimes never /hardly Lack of time when choosing equipment 0 5 10 15 20 Investment more important than lifecycle‐costs don't know mostly sometimes never /hardly 0 5 10 15 20 95
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E4 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEVATORS AND E
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Contents 1 Introduction ...........
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1 Introduction Means of vertical tr
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2 Lift and Escalator Technologies T
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Figure 2‐3. Configuration of Gear
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Some manufacturers have gone even f
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• Conventional hydraulic units do
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[2] Sachs, H., “Opportunities for
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High efficiency motors are typicall
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Figure 3‐3. Effect of load on pow
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If the linear motor is mounted on t
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3 Phase AC input 50 Hz AC/DC Conver
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preventing the car from falling. Ty
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Figure 3‐14. Regenerative operati
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occupied by lift support systems. A
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Figure 3‐19. Possible configurati
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After the introduction of relay log
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It is evident that the way lifts ar
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When combined with hall call contro
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of the torque of the 1:1 roping sch
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times as quickly as a 720 mm sheave
Page 43 and 44: LEDs are also a very efficient solu
Page 45 and 46: • Car electronics • Light curta
Page 47 and 48: The major cause of energy consumpti
Page 49 and 50: 3.9 Efficient Escalators and Moving
Page 51 and 52: These bearings feature optimised in
Page 53 and 54: 4 Market Characterisation As part o
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4‐2. Lift Distribution acc
Page 57 and 58: The next three figures show the lif
Page 59 and 60: 5 Results of the Monitoring Campaig
Page 61 and 62: the lift, but does not include addi
Page 63 and 64: Where, E standby Standby Energy use
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5‐4 shows a typical cycle
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5‐6. Travel cycle consumpt
Page 69 and 70: Figure 5‐9. Measured standby powe
Page 71 and 72: Figure 5‐12. Annual Energy consum
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5‐16. Annual Energy consum
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5‐19. Annual electricity c
Page 77 and 78: 6.1.1 Determination of the average
Page 79 and 80: Where, P mech E cycle η system h v
Page 81 and 82: 6.2. Electricity consumption of lif
Page 83 and 84: 6.3. Estimation of potential saving
Page 85 and 86: The results show that overall savin
Page 87 and 88: 6.5. Estimation of Savings Potentia
Page 89 and 90: Identification of stakeholders and
Page 91 and 92: Table 7‐1. Categories of stakehol
Page 93: esults were presented and discussed
Page 97 and 98: not rate an item. Reasons for non
Page 99 and 100: Further barriers We asked responden
Page 101 and 102: Raising awareness Setting a standar
Page 103 and 104: Further topics This section address
Page 105 and 106: The scope of the present study is o
Page 107 and 108: Table 7‐4. Energy efficiency: Spe
Page 109 and 110: 10 Check system architecture Ropes
Page 111 and 112: 17 Avoid stalled motor door operato
Page 113 and 114: 24 Switch off other lift components
Page 115 and 116: passenger arrives. However, an addi
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