WP6-Brochure-E4 brochure - ELA European Lift Association.

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The induction motor efficiency also varies with the load. Motor efficiency drops sharply below 50% load due to the constant load losses (mechanical and magnetic losses show little change with the load). Figure 3‐2 shows the effect of load on the efficiency of induction motors. Typically, the maximum efficiency is obtained in the range 60‐100% of motor load, although the maximum efficiency operating point is dependent upon the motor design. It can clearly be seen that the efficiency drops sharply for very light loads. Figure 3‐2. Motor Efficiency vs. Motor Load for IMs (source: ISR‐UC) Another effect of light loads on induction motors is the reduction of the power factor. The current in an induction motor has two components: active and reactive. The power factor is the ratio of active to total current. The active component is responsible for the torque and work performed by the motor (the active current is small at no load and rises as the load grows). The reactive component creates the magnetic field and is almost constant from no load to full load. A high power factor is desirable because it implies a low reactive power component. On the other hand, a low power factor means lower efficiency and higher losses. 18
Figure 3‐3. Effect of load on power factor (source: ISR‐UC) Induction motor efficiency can be classified in accordance with IEC Standard 60034‐30 [3], as shown in Figure 3‐4. Figure 3‐4. Efficiency levels in the proposed IEC 60034‐30 for 4 poled motors [1][3] 3.2 Linear Motors The working principal of a Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is very similar to that of a normal Induction Motor. In a LIM the stator (primary) and the rotor (secondary) are flattened out and, therefore, instead of producing torque they produce a linear force. If Permanent Magnets are used in the rotor it becomes a Linear Synchronous Motor. 19
Page 1 and 2: E4 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEVATORS AND E
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 Introduction ...........
Page 5 and 6: 1 Introduction Means of vertical tr
Page 7 and 8: 2 Lift and Escalator Technologies T
Page 9 and 10: Figure 2‐3. Configuration of Gear
Page 11 and 12: Some manufacturers have gone even f
Page 13 and 14: • Conventional hydraulic units do
Page 15 and 16: [2] Sachs, H., “Opportunities for
Page 17: High efficiency motors are typicall
Page 21 and 22: If the linear motor is mounted on t
Page 23 and 24: 3 Phase AC input 50 Hz AC/DC Conver
Page 25 and 26: preventing the car from falling. Ty
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3‐14. Regenerative operati
Page 29 and 30: occupied by lift support systems. A
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3‐19. Possible configurati
Page 33 and 34: After the introduction of relay log
Page 35 and 36: It is evident that the way lifts ar
Page 37 and 38: When combined with hall call contro
Page 39 and 40: of the torque of the 1:1 roping sch
Page 41 and 42: times as quickly as a 720 mm sheave
Page 43 and 44: LEDs are also a very efficient solu
Page 45 and 46: • Car electronics • Light curta
Page 47 and 48: The major cause of energy consumpti
Page 49 and 50: 3.9 Efficient Escalators and Moving
Page 51 and 52: These bearings feature optimised in
Page 53 and 54: 4 Market Characterisation As part o
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4‐2. Lift Distribution acc
Page 57 and 58: The next three figures show the lif
Page 59 and 60: 5 Results of the Monitoring Campaig
Page 61 and 62: the lift, but does not include addi
Page 63 and 64: Where, E standby Standby Energy use
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5‐4 shows a typical cycle
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5‐6. Travel cycle consumpt
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 5‐9. Measured standby powe
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 5‐12. Annual Energy consum
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 5‐16. Annual Energy consum
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 5‐19. Annual electricity c
Page 77 and 78:
6.1.1 Determination of the average
Page 79 and 80:
Where, P mech E cycle η system h v
Page 81 and 82:
6.2. Electricity consumption of lif
Page 83 and 84:
6.3. Estimation of potential saving
Page 85 and 86:
The results show that overall savin
Page 87 and 88:
6.5. Estimation of Savings Potentia
Page 89 and 90:
Identification of stakeholders and
Page 91 and 92:
Table 7‐1. Categories of stakehol
Page 93 and 94:
esults were presented and discussed
Page 95 and 96:
We also asked which stakeholder inf
Page 97 and 98:
not rate an item. Reasons for non
Page 99 and 100:
Further barriers We asked responden
Page 101 and 102:
Raising awareness Setting a standar
Page 103 and 104:
Further topics This section address
Page 105 and 106:
The scope of the present study is o
Page 107 and 108:
Table 7‐4. Energy efficiency: Spe
Page 109 and 110:
10 Check system architecture Ropes
Page 111 and 112:
17 Avoid stalled motor door operato
Page 113 and 114:
24 Switch off other lift components
Page 115 and 116:
passenger arrives. However, an addi
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