WP6-Brochure-E4 brochure - ELA European Lift Association.

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4. Opening the Door 5. Closing the Door 6. Driving the car from top landing to the bottom landing, without passengers 7. Opening the Door 8. Closing the Door The total running energy consumption per one cycle is calculated using the recorded values of t= n active power and time (E= ∫ P ∗dt ). t= 0 The measurement of the stand‐by energy consumption starts 5 minutes after the last movement of the car. Both values, running energy and stand‐by energy, are combined with usage patterns to estimate the annual energy consumption, in kWh, of the installation. Where, E lift c aml Energy used by the lift in one year [kWh/year] Average motor load factor. c atd Average travel distance factor (1; 0,5 or 0,3) h Rise height [m] n trip E standby E cycle c bal Trips per year [1/year] Standby Energy used in 1 year [kWh/year] Energy for a cycle trip [Wh] Balancing factor The annual standby energy used is calculated in the following way: 62
Where, E standby Standby Energy used in 1 year [kWh/year] c atd Average travel distance factor (1, 0.5 or 0.3) h Rise height [m] n trip P standby v Trips per year [1/year] Standby Power [W] Speed of lift [m/s] All measurements are made with an empty car. Since lifts do not run empty all the time under real conditions, adjustments via a typical load collective 2 were done. The average motor load factor C aml , as shown in Table 5‐2 is used for this calculation. Table 5‐1. Load collective Load Direction of travel Share of trips in this direction 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% Upwards 0% Downwards 0% Upwards 5% Downwards 5% Upwards 5% Downwards 5% Upwards 15% Downwards 15% Upwards 25% Downwards 25% The average motor load factor C aml is the statistical average in which the motor or drive system has to operate. It is dimensionless, since it is the ratio between average motor load and maximum possible motor load. Table 5‐2. Average motor load factor C aml <strong>Lift</strong> technology C aml Traction lifts 50% balanced no regenerative drive systems 0,35 Traction lifts 50% balanced with gearless regenerative drive systems 0,35 Hydraulic lifts without counterweight 0,30 2 The high share of empty travelling is explainable by the fact that a lift often travels empty to destination it is called to. 63
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E4 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEVATORS AND E
Page 3 and 4:
Contents 1 Introduction ...........
Page 5 and 6:
1 Introduction Means of vertical tr
Page 7 and 8:
2 Lift and Escalator Technologies T
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 2‐3. Configuration of Gear
Page 11 and 12: Some manufacturers have gone even f
Page 13 and 14: • Conventional hydraulic units do
Page 15 and 16: [2] Sachs, H., “Opportunities for
Page 17 and 18: High efficiency motors are typicall
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3‐3. Effect of load on pow
Page 21 and 22: If the linear motor is mounted on t
Page 23 and 24: 3 Phase AC input 50 Hz AC/DC Conver
Page 25 and 26: preventing the car from falling. Ty
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3‐14. Regenerative operati
Page 29 and 30: occupied by lift support systems. A
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3‐19. Possible configurati
Page 33 and 34: After the introduction of relay log
Page 35 and 36: It is evident that the way lifts ar
Page 37 and 38: When combined with hall call contro
Page 39 and 40: of the torque of the 1:1 roping sch
Page 41 and 42: times as quickly as a 720 mm sheave
Page 43 and 44: LEDs are also a very efficient solu
Page 45 and 46: • Car electronics • Light curta
Page 47 and 48: The major cause of energy consumpti
Page 49 and 50: 3.9 Efficient Escalators and Moving
Page 51 and 52: These bearings feature optimised in
Page 53 and 54: 4 Market Characterisation As part o
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4‐2. Lift Distribution acc
Page 57 and 58: The next three figures show the lif
Page 59 and 60: 5 Results of the Monitoring Campaig
Page 61: the lift, but does not include addi
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5‐4 shows a typical cycle
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5‐6. Travel cycle consumpt
Page 69 and 70: Figure 5‐9. Measured standby powe
Page 71 and 72: Figure 5‐12. Annual Energy consum
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5‐16. Annual Energy consum
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5‐19. Annual electricity c
Page 77 and 78: 6.1.1 Determination of the average
Page 79 and 80: Where, P mech E cycle η system h v
Page 81 and 82: 6.2. Electricity consumption of lif
Page 83 and 84: 6.3. Estimation of potential saving
Page 85 and 86: The results show that overall savin
Page 87 and 88: 6.5. Estimation of Savings Potentia
Page 89 and 90: Identification of stakeholders and
Page 91 and 92: Table 7‐1. Categories of stakehol
Page 93 and 94: esults were presented and discussed
Page 95 and 96: We also asked which stakeholder inf
Page 97 and 98: not rate an item. Reasons for non
Page 99 and 100: Further barriers We asked responden
Page 101 and 102: Raising awareness Setting a standar
Page 103 and 104: Further topics This section address
Page 105 and 106: The scope of the present study is o
Page 107 and 108: Table 7‐4. Energy efficiency: Spe
Page 109 and 110: 10 Check system architecture Ropes
Page 111 and 112: 17 Avoid stalled motor door operato
Page 113 and 114:
24 Switch off other lift components
Page 115 and 116:
passenger arrives. However, an addi
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