WP6-Brochure-E4 brochure - ELA European Lift Association.

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) A monitoring campaign was carried out within the E4 project as a contribution to the understanding of energy consumption and energy efficiency of lifts and escalators in Europe. The aim of this campaign is to broaden the empirical base on the energy consumption of lifts and escalators, to provide publicly available monitoring data and to find hints on system configurations using little energy. Originally, 50 installations were planned to be monitored within the project. In the end, 74 lifts and 7 escalators, i.e. a total of 81 installations, were analysed in the four countries under study: Germany, Italy, Poland, and Portugal. The monitoring campaign focused on a number of selected buildings of the residential and tertiary sectors (hospitals, hotels, shopping centres, private and public office buildings, residential buildings, etc.), taking into consideration typical lifts systems in use. To ensure the repeatability of the measurements throughout the campaign, a methodology was developed for the measurement of the energy consumption of the lifts and escalators audited. c) A technological assessment was carried out aiming at the characterisation of the existing technologies and, mainly, at emerging energy efficient solutions which can provide savings both in stand‐by and running energy consumption of lifts and escalators. Technological solutions at component level are evaluated and this information was used to provide a credible base line for the evaluation of potential energy savings in combination with the results from the market survey and the monitoring campaign. d) Lastly, an analysis based on existing literature as well as a study including interviews and group discussions with relevant stakeholders were made aiming at the identification of influential barriers to energy efficiency in the European lift and escalator market. Strategies and measures are outlined to overcome the barriers identified. An overview of technological and organisational features that increase energy efficiency in new and retrofitted lift and escalator installations is made, providing guidelines to help various stakeholders directly or indirectly concerned with lifts and escalators reflect and decide on measures to increase energy efficiency for existing and new installations. This publication is aimed at presenting the main results of the project. In this report the word lift is used, although in other parts of the World the word elevator is more common to name the same type of equipment. 6
2 Lift and Escalator Technologies This section intends to provide an overview of typical lift and escalator technologies. Lift systems have generally been individually engineered for each application. Each of its components contributes differently to the overall efficiency of the lift. All lifts have common elements, independently of their working principle, including: cars (also called a "cage" or "cab”), doors, lights, ventilation, a motor and a control device. The car travels within an enclosed space called the shaft or hoistway. There are two main classes of lifts: hydraulic and traction lifts. Traction lifts can be further subdivided into two categories: geared and gearless. Figure 2‐1 shows the typical range of rises for different lift technologies used today. Note: MRL – Machine Roomless; MR – with Machine Room Figure 2‐1. Typical rises for currently used lift technologies 2.1 Traction Lifts Electric traction lifts can nowadays be used in almost all applications without any considerable limitations regarding travel height, speed or load. A wide range of speeds is available – from 0,25 m/s to 17 m/s – and also of loads – some goods lifts can have rated loads in excess of 10.000 kg although normally at very low speeds. 7
Page 1 and 2: E4 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEVATORS AND E
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 Introduction ...........
Page 5: 1 Introduction Means of vertical tr
Page 9 and 10: Figure 2‐3. Configuration of Gear
Page 11 and 12: Some manufacturers have gone even f
Page 13 and 14: • Conventional hydraulic units do
Page 15 and 16: [2] Sachs, H., “Opportunities for
Page 17 and 18: High efficiency motors are typicall
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3‐3. Effect of load on pow
Page 21 and 22: If the linear motor is mounted on t
Page 23 and 24: 3 Phase AC input 50 Hz AC/DC Conver
Page 25 and 26: preventing the car from falling. Ty
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3‐14. Regenerative operati
Page 29 and 30: occupied by lift support systems. A
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3‐19. Possible configurati
Page 33 and 34: After the introduction of relay log
Page 35 and 36: It is evident that the way lifts ar
Page 37 and 38: When combined with hall call contro
Page 39 and 40: of the torque of the 1:1 roping sch
Page 41 and 42: times as quickly as a 720 mm sheave
Page 43 and 44: LEDs are also a very efficient solu
Page 45 and 46: • Car electronics • Light curta
Page 47 and 48: The major cause of energy consumpti
Page 49 and 50: 3.9 Efficient Escalators and Moving
Page 51 and 52: These bearings feature optimised in
Page 53 and 54: 4 Market Characterisation As part o
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4‐2. Lift Distribution acc
Page 57 and 58:
The next three figures show the lif
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5 Results of the Monitoring Campaig
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the lift, but does not include addi
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Where, E standby Standby Energy use
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Figure 5‐4 shows a typical cycle
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Figure 5‐6. Travel cycle consumpt
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Figure 5‐9. Measured standby powe
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Figure 5‐12. Annual Energy consum
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Figure 5‐16. Annual Energy consum
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Figure 5‐19. Annual electricity c
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6.1.1 Determination of the average
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Where, P mech E cycle η system h v
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6.2. Electricity consumption of lif
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6.3. Estimation of potential saving
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The results show that overall savin
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6.5. Estimation of Savings Potentia
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Identification of stakeholders and
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Table 7‐1. Categories of stakehol
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esults were presented and discussed
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We also asked which stakeholder inf
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not rate an item. Reasons for non
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Further barriers We asked responden
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Raising awareness Setting a standar
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Further topics This section address
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The scope of the present study is o
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Table 7‐4. Energy efficiency: Spe
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10 Check system architecture Ropes
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17 Avoid stalled motor door operato
Page 113 and 114:
24 Switch off other lift components
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passenger arrives. However, an addi
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