WP6-Brochure-E4 brochure - ELA European Lift Association.

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initiate a retrofit. Additionally, companies and institutions which hold these kinds of certificates are also often engaged in research and in dissemination of information. Thus they are a possible source of data regarding energy efficiency. Market surveillance hardly influences energy consumption from the perspective of an individual installation. Figure 7‐1. Overview of stakeholders and actors involved in the installation and operation of a lift or escalator. 6.5.3. Methodology To gain additional knowledge beyond the one found in the available literature and facts already accumulated by prior work packages, expert interviews were conducted, in a first step. These interviews were then complemented with written surveys undertaken by two of the project partners, ISR‐UC and KAPE. In a second step, the results from the interviews were discussed with the project team and with ELA members, thus validating the information obtained and the conclusions drawn. This process of verifying data is also called 'triangulation' [3]. Thus, for the purpose of this study, the list of stakeholders identified above was taken as a starting point and condensed to identify relevant experts, resulting in five categories of stakeholders (cp.Table 7‐1). 90
Table 7‐1. Categories of stakeholders identified and actual coverage of interviews and survey. Stakeholder categories Manufacturer, installation, service & maintenance Architect, construction engineers, lift consultants Number of Interviews Construction company 1 Building administrator and operator 1 Notified bodies 2 Survey participants 6 5 3 5 In sum, 13 interviews were conducted by ISI and 10 written surveys were collected by ISR‐UC and KAPE (6 and 4, respectively). The experts surveyed represented several European countries, e.g. Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Portugal, and Poland. The European perspective is further broadened by two interviews conducted with representatives of European professional and industrial associations working in Brussels/Belgium. The interviews were usually conducted via telephone in German or English. An interview guideline was provided beforehand, based on a literature analysis [4] [5]. The guideline consisted of five parts. Part A asked participants to do a general assessment of the lift and escalator market regarding the salience of energy efficiency in the market, the most important criteria when choosing equipment, and differences between the lift and the escalator market. We also asked whether the interview partner thinks that investment in energy‐efficient technology in this sector pays off financially. Part B listed barriers – extracted from the literature – and asked participants for an opinion whether they thought that a barrier applies 1) never or only in very few cases, 2) in some cases 3) in most cases. If they chose 3, they were then asked to comment in more detail on this issue. The list of barriers is presented in Table 7‐2. Table 7‐2. List of barriers rated in the interviews. Barriers Information and transaction costs ‣ Operators of lifts or escalators do not monitor the energy consumption and the energy costs of their installations. ‣ Operators do not have a designated employee who is responsible for the energyrelated issues of lifts and escalators. ‣ The decision‐maker is not aware of the energy consumption of the choice he or she makes. ‣ It is difficult or impossible for the decision‐maker to obtain information about energy‐efficient technology. 91
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E4 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEVATORS AND E
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Contents 1 Introduction ...........
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1 Introduction Means of vertical tr
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2 Lift and Escalator Technologies T
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Figure 2‐3. Configuration of Gear
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Some manufacturers have gone even f
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• Conventional hydraulic units do
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[2] Sachs, H., “Opportunities for
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High efficiency motors are typicall
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Figure 3‐3. Effect of load on pow
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If the linear motor is mounted on t
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3 Phase AC input 50 Hz AC/DC Conver
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preventing the car from falling. Ty
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Figure 3‐14. Regenerative operati
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occupied by lift support systems. A
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Figure 3‐19. Possible configurati
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After the introduction of relay log
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It is evident that the way lifts ar
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When combined with hall call contro
Page 39 and 40: of the torque of the 1:1 roping sch
Page 41 and 42: times as quickly as a 720 mm sheave
Page 43 and 44: LEDs are also a very efficient solu
Page 45 and 46: • Car electronics • Light curta
Page 47 and 48: The major cause of energy consumpti
Page 49 and 50: 3.9 Efficient Escalators and Moving
Page 51 and 52: These bearings feature optimised in
Page 53 and 54: 4 Market Characterisation As part o
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4‐2. Lift Distribution acc
Page 57 and 58: The next three figures show the lif
Page 59 and 60: 5 Results of the Monitoring Campaig
Page 61 and 62: the lift, but does not include addi
Page 63 and 64: Where, E standby Standby Energy use
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5‐4 shows a typical cycle
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5‐6. Travel cycle consumpt
Page 69 and 70: Figure 5‐9. Measured standby powe
Page 71 and 72: Figure 5‐12. Annual Energy consum
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5‐16. Annual Energy consum
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5‐19. Annual electricity c
Page 77 and 78: 6.1.1 Determination of the average
Page 79 and 80: Where, P mech E cycle η system h v
Page 81 and 82: 6.2. Electricity consumption of lif
Page 83 and 84: 6.3. Estimation of potential saving
Page 85 and 86: The results show that overall savin
Page 87 and 88: 6.5. Estimation of Savings Potentia
Page 89: Identification of stakeholders and
Page 93 and 94: esults were presented and discussed
Page 95 and 96: We also asked which stakeholder inf
Page 97 and 98: not rate an item. Reasons for non
Page 99 and 100: Further barriers We asked responden
Page 101 and 102: Raising awareness Setting a standar
Page 103 and 104: Further topics This section address
Page 105 and 106: The scope of the present study is o
Page 107 and 108: Table 7‐4. Energy efficiency: Spe
Page 109 and 110: 10 Check system architecture Ropes
Page 111 and 112: 17 Avoid stalled motor door operato
Page 113 and 114: 24 Switch off other lift components
Page 115 and 116: passenger arrives. However, an addi
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