The Lewis River Hydroelectric Projects - PacifiCorp

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Cresap Bay Park—Interpretive sign #1 (Hydroelectric Story) Location: Size: Title: Main Content: Cresap Bay Park TBD It’s Raining Fuel! Merwin, and its neighbor reservoirs Yale and Swift, exist for the sake of electricity. From the four generating plants along this river comes hydroelectric energy that powers streetlights and traffic signals, bakes bread, runs computers, moves public transportation, and much more. Hydroelectricity is electrical energy that is produced by converting the energy of moving water to the energy of moving electrons. The process begins with the sun: the sun’s radiation warms water in oceans, lakes, rivers, plants, and the soil, and evaporates it into the atmosphere. Eventually, this water vapor condenses, falls as precipitation, and makes its way downhill. On its way down, the flowing water’s energy can be used to generate electrical energy. Hydroelectricity is a “renewable” energy source. Water is always being evaporated by the sun and carried by air currents into the Cascades; it is always condensing and raining down, re-filling the reservoirs. It has been said that in the world of hydroelectricity, “it rains fuel.” Sidebar: How, exactly, does moving water translate into moving electrons The story begins with water poised above a dam, ready to flow downhill. At the base of the dam is a generating facility. Water from above the dam is piped to the generator through huge tubes called penstocks. At the end of each penstock, the rushing water enters a turbine—a device that resembles a huge propeller or fan. Large louvers called wicket gates allow operators to closely regulate the rate at which water flows through the turbine. The water pushes against the blades of the turbine, spinning it at a high rate of speed. The spinning turbine turns a rotor, containing an enormous mass of magnets, inside a stator that contains a stationary ring of tightly-packed copper coils. Because of the nature of magnetic fields and electrical conductors, the motion of the magnets creates a changing magnetic field that induces electrons to change from a positive to negative charge (and visa versa) within the copper coils. The motion of the electrons creates a moving electric field within the copper. This moving field is electrical energy. Sidebar Captions: From the generators, electricity passes through step-up transformers which allow voltage to be increased so the power can pass efficiently through high-voltage transmission lines. These high-voltage lines, strung from tall Appendix 1: panel profiles Lewis River Draft I&E Plan page 23
steel towers and zig-zagging across the land, are familiar features of the American landscape. Electricity from the Lewis River enters the “grid”—a system of interconnected power distribution lines and facilities throughout the American West. Many companies (and even some private individuals) feed power into the grid, representing many different types of power generation, including nuclear and coal-fired, as well as hydroelectric, geothermal, wind and solar-driven facilities. Images: Photo of dam. Diagram of dam and penstocks. Diagram of hydroelectric generator. Diagram of power transmission system (grid). Appendix 1: panel profiles Lewis River Draft I&E Plan page 24
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The Lewis River Hydroelectric Projects - PacifiCorp

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