Customary Land Tenure in Liberia - Land Tenure and Property ...

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vii 10.1 LEGAL REFORMS ............................................................................................................................................................. 104 10.2 DOCUMENTATION OF CUSTOMARY RIGTHS .............................................................................................................. 105 10.3 TRIBAL CERTIFICATES AND DEEDS ............................................................................................................................. 106 10.3.1 Tribal Certificates ...................................................................................................................................... 106 10.3.2 Communal Deeds...................................................................................................................................... 107 10.3.3 Fee Simple Deeds ...................................................................................................................................... 107 10.4 RIGHTS VESTED IN HOLDERS OF COMMUNAL RIGHTS ........................................................................................... 107 10.4.1 Rights of Permanent Transfer ................................................................................................................. 107 10.4.2 Rights to Convert to Individual Tenure ................................................................................................ 107 10.4.3 Rights to Administer and Govern .......................................................................................................... 108 10.4.4 Equitable Rights ........................................................................................................................................ 108 10.5 SUPPORTING RURAL INVESTMENT .............................................................................................................................. 108 10.6 GOVERNANCE AUTHORITIES........................................................................................................................................ 109 10.7 DISPUTE RESOLUTION ................................................................................................................................................... 110 10.8 CONCESSIONS AND PROTECTED AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 110 10.9 WOMEN‟S LAND RIGHTS ................................................................................................................................................ 110 References ........................................................................................................................................................................ 114 ANNEX 1: RESEARCH SCHEDULE, TENGIA CLAN, LOFA COUNTY .................................................. 117 ANNEX 2: SOUTH TRANSECT, LITTLE KOLA CLAN, GRAND BASSA COUNTY ............................ 119 ANNEX 3: NORTHEAST TRANSECT, DOBLI CLAN, BONG COUNTY ................................................ 120 ANNEX 4: CLAN MAP, DING CLAN, MONTSERRADO COUNTY .......................................................... 121 ANNEX 5: TOWN MAP, SAYKLEKAN CLAN, RIVER GEE COUNTY .................................................... 122 ANNEX 6: VENN DIAGRAM, MOTOR ROAD CLAN, SINOE COUNTY ............................................... 123 ANNEX 7: HISTORICAL MATRIX, YLAN CLAN, NIMBA COUNTY ....................................................... 124 ANNEX 8: HISTORICAL MATRIX, UPPER WORKOR CLAN, LOFA COUNTY ................................... 125 ANNEX 9: DOBLI DISPUTE LETTER ................................................................................................................. 126 ANNEX 10: TRIBAL CERTIFICATE FORM, BONG COUNTY ................................................................... 127 ANNEX 11: TRIBAL CERTIFICATE FORM, FUAMAH DISTRICT ............................................................ 128 ANNEX 12: TRIBAL CERTIFICATE, GBANSHAY CLAN, BONG COUNTY ......................................... 129 ANNEX 13: SEASONAL CALENDARS, MANA CLAN, GRAND CAPE MOUNT COUNTY ............. 130 ANNEX 14: COMMUNITY FOREST BY-LAWS, MOTOR ROAD AND NITRIAN CLANS ................ 132 CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE IN LIBERIA
viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Map of the 11 Studied Clans ........................................................................................................................ 1 Figure 1.2: Research Objectives: Customary Tenure Research .................................................................................. 2 Figure 2.1: Livelihood Zones in Liberia as described by USAID FEWS NET .................................................... 14 Figure 2.2: FEWS-NET map of Liberia Livelihood Zones ...................................................................................... 16 Figure 3.1: Estimated fallow period by clan ................................................................................................................ 23 Figure 3.2: Main life trees in studied clans ................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 3.3: Global rubber prices, September 2001 – September 2011 ................................................................... 27 Figure 3.4: International cocoa prices, September 2001 – September 2011 .......................................................... 28 Figure 3.5: Common roles of women and men .......................................................................................................... 30 Figure 4.1: Access to land for farming and housing in a selection of clans ........................................................... 40 Figure 4.2: Children‟s acquisition of seasonal cropping land.................................................................................... 42 Figure 4.3: Profile of borrowing land in select clans .................................................................................................. 44 Figure 4.4: Stranger adoption process in Nitrian Community ................................................................................. 46 Figure 4.5: Reasons cited for diminishing compliance with customary rules ........................................................ 56 Figure 4.6: Presence of different statutory tenure forms in (or nearby) the studied clans................................... 58 Figure 4.7: Little Kola Clan sketch map prepared by the Town Chief of Gbain .................................................. 59 Figure 5.1: Compliances with rules over time in Mana Clan .................................................................................... 77 Figure 7.1: Common dispute resolution process ........................................................................................................ 88 Figure 10.1: Summary of policy recommendations ................................................................................................... 111 CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE IN LIBERIA
Page 1 and 2: LAND POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL SUPPO
Page 3 and 4: LIBERIA LAND POLICY & INSTITUTIONAL
Page 5 and 6: ii 1.0 Introduction ...............
Page 7 and 8: iv 4.2.1 Statutory Tenure Claims by
Page 9: vi 7.3.2 Courts ...................
Page 13 and 14: x ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CDC CF
Page 15 and 16: xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report s
Page 17 and 18: xiv game for both sale and consumpt
Page 19 and 20: xvi manage tree crops where these a
Page 21 and 22: xviii In the clans we visited, stat
Page 23 and 24: xx DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS Di
Page 25 and 26: xxii Recommended measures include t
Page 27 and 28: xxiv Remove land and governance au
Page 29 and 30: 2 This chapter begins with a presen
Page 31 and 32: 4 1.2 LAND TENURE AND RURAL LIVELIH
Page 33 and 34: 6 (Renner, 1931). Initially lacking
Page 35 and 36: 8 1.3 HISTORY OF LAND TENURE IN LIB
Page 37 and 38: 10 Certificate is merely a permit t
Page 39 and 40: 12 however, rights granted to commu
Page 41 and 42: 14 2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This ch
Page 43 and 44: 16 Figure 2.2: FEWS-NET map of Libe
Page 45 and 46: 18 In each case, after completion o
Page 47 and 48: 20 3.0 LAND USE AND LIVELIHOODS Thi
Page 49 and 50: 22 Upland Rice Cultivated in each o
Page 51 and 52: 24 money quickly. However, they als
Page 53 and 54: 26 3.2.2 Trees In addition to food
Page 55 and 56: 28 large rubber farms ranging from
Page 57 and 58: 30 tasks assigned to women and vice
Page 59 and 60: 32 3.2.7 Hunting and Fishing In mos
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34 bush and fell trees on a farmer
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36 men‟s focus on life tree culti
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38 from one or more patrilineages,
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40 Figure 4.1: Access to land for f
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42 Figure 4.2: Children’s acquisi
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44 Figure 4.3: Profile of borrowing
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46 he/she is fully integrated as a
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48 widows will sometimes marry a ma
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50 Several communities have rules g
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52 Bush and Forest Resources In all
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54 Water and Fishing Access to wate
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56 Other factors cited for contribu
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58 Figure 4.6: Presence of differen
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60 bush resources largely follows c
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62 In Ylan, some land is held under
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64 the majority of studied clans, t
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66 We also found that, in the clans
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68 In some clans such as Upper Work
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70 Town Chiefs Town Chiefs represen
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72 dispute resolution. 55 While in
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74 such as Clan and Paramount Chief
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76 some women who held positions as
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78 could rely. This in turn produce
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80 community sometimes encounter re
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82 rubber on adjacent land, as well
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84 In other clans, including Ding a
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86 Disputes over Mining Mana Clan c
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88 7.0 DISPUTE RESOLUTION Dispute r
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90 7.2.2 Chairladies In Dobli, Gban
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92 7.3.4 Disputes between Clans/Dis
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94 In some clans, the abundance of
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96 8.2.2 Scale of Ownership Claims
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98 If communities anticipate that t
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100 The importance of documenting c
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102 The current land tenure sys
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104 10.0 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS In
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106 communities. Instead, we sugges
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108 apply for fee simple tenure. Th
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110 tenure unit. Instead, this role
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112 Tribal Certificates and Deeds R
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114 REFERENCES SECONDARY SOURCES Ak
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116 Wallace, Carolyn Gamiao and Rol
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118 DATE TIME ACTIVITY March 23, 20
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120 ANNEX 3: NORTHEAST TRANSECT, DO
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122 ANNEX 5: TOWN MAP, SAYKLEKAN CL
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124 ANNEX 7: HISTORICAL MATRIX, YLA
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126 ANNEX 9: DOBLI DISPUTE LETTER C
Page 155 and 156:
128 ANNEX 11: TRIBAL CERTIFICATE FO
Page 157 and 158:
130 ANNEX 13: SEASONAL CALENDARS, M
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132 ANNEX 14: COMMUNITY FOREST BY-L
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134 CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE IN LIBERI
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136 b. A family or individual shall
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138 a. Standing Rules Tree
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140 The amount of rattan collecte
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142 o o o o o o o Antelope Hippo
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144 Any community member or gro
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146 U.S. Agency for International D
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