Customary Land Tenure in Liberia - Land Tenure and Property ...

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115 Kromah, Alhaji G.V. (2003). Capital Inflow and Sovereignty: Performance of Firestone in Liberia 1926-1977. URL: http://alhajikromahpage.org/alhajifirestone.htm. Munive Rincon, Jairo. (2011). A Political Economic History of the Liberian State, Forced Labour and Armed Mobilization. Journal of Agrarian Change, 11(3), 357-376. Munive Rincon, Jairo. (2010). Ex-combatants, Returnees, Land and Conflict in Liberia. DIIS Working Paper 2010:05. URL: http://www.diis.dk/graphics/Publications/WP2010/WP2010-05_excombatants_Liberia.pdf Norton, Gregory. (2011). Searching for Soap Trees: Norwegian Refugee Council‟s Land Dispute Resolution Process in Liberia. Thematic Report from the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC). Paczynska, Agnieszka. (2010, May 28). Liberia Interagency Conflict Assessment Framework Report. Office of Conflict Prevention, U.S. Department of State. Place, Frank, Michael Roth and Peter Hazell. (1994). Land Tenure Security and Agricultural Performance in Africa: Overview of Research Methodology. In John Bruce and Shem Migot-Adholla (eds.) Searching for Land Tenure Security in Africa. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt. Qureshi, Moeen A., Yoshio Mizoe, and Francis d‟A Collings. (1964). The Liberian Economy. Staff Papers – International Monetary Fund, 11(2), 285-326. Renner, G.T. (1931). Economic Adjustments in Liberia. Economic Geography, 7(2), 189-201. Richards, P. et al. (2004). “Community Cohesion in Liberia: A Post-Conflict Rapid Social Assessment.” Report for United Nations Development Programme and World Bank. Rose, Laurel. (2011). Customary Land Law in Liberia: An Overview of the Literature. Draft Report. Toulmin, C. (2009). Securing land and property rights in sub-Saharan Africa: The role of local institutions. Land Use Policy 26(1), 10-19. Unruh, J. (2008). Land and Legal Pluralism in Pre-War Liberia. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 58, 1-31. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Unruh, J. (2009). “Land Rights in Postwar Liberia: The Volatile Part of the Peace Process.” Land Use Policy, 26, 425-433. Unruh J. (2007a). Land Tenure in Liberia. CAAS-Lib Sub-Sector Reports, Vol. 2.2. Unruh, J. (2007b). Postwar Land Tenure in Liberia: The Intersection of Customary and Statutory Land Laws. Monrovia: World Bank. USAID. (2010). USAID Country Profile: Property Rights and Resource Governance – Liberia. URL: http://usaidlandtenure.net/usaidltprproducts/country-profiles/liberia. U.S. Department of State. (2011). Background Note: Liberia. URL: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/6618.htm. CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE IN LIBERIA
116 Wallace, Carolyn Gamiao and Roland Jutonue Lepol. (2008). Poverty and Social Impact Assessment and Strategy Formulation on Artisanal Diamond Mining Reform in Liberia. Diamonds for Development Programs, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Wily, L. A. (2007). So Who Owns the Forest: An Investigation into Forest Ownership and Customary Land Rights in Liberia. The Sustainable Development Institute/FERN. World Bank. (2007). Comprehensive Assessment of the Agriculture Sector in Liberia, Vol. 2.1. URL: http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/04/03/000333037_200 80403005239/Rendered/PDF/431760SR0v20Wh110CAAS1LIB12111Feb08.pdf. World Bank. (2008, October 22). Report No. 46134-LR: Insecurity of Tenure, Land Law and Land Registration in Liberia. PRIMARY LEGAL SOURCES 1986 Constitution, Art. 65. Aborigines Law (Title 1, Liberian Code of Laws, 1956-58), Ch. 11, Sec. 270 Property Law, (Title 29, Liberian Code of Laws Revised), Ch. 8, Sec. 8.123 Public Lands Law, 1956, revised 1974 (Title 34, Liberian Code of Laws Revised), Ch. 3, Sec. 30. Rules and Regulations Governing the Hinterlands, 2001. CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE IN LIBERIA
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LAND POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL SUPPO
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LIBERIA LAND POLICY & INSTITUTIONAL
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ii 1.0 Introduction ...............
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iv 4.2.1 Statutory Tenure Claims by
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vi 7.3.2 Courts ...................
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viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Ma
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x ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CDC CF
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xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report s
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xiv game for both sale and consumpt
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xvi manage tree crops where these a
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xviii In the clans we visited, stat
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xx DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS Di
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xxii Recommended measures include t
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xxiv Remove land and governance au
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2 This chapter begins with a presen
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4 1.2 LAND TENURE AND RURAL LIVELIH
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6 (Renner, 1931). Initially lacking
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8 1.3 HISTORY OF LAND TENURE IN LIB
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10 Certificate is merely a permit t
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12 however, rights granted to commu
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14 2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This ch
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16 Figure 2.2: FEWS-NET map of Libe
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18 In each case, after completion o
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20 3.0 LAND USE AND LIVELIHOODS Thi
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22 Upland Rice Cultivated in each o
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24 money quickly. However, they als
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26 3.2.2 Trees In addition to food
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28 large rubber farms ranging from
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30 tasks assigned to women and vice
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32 3.2.7 Hunting and Fishing In mos
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34 bush and fell trees on a farmer
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36 men‟s focus on life tree culti
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38 from one or more patrilineages,
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40 Figure 4.1: Access to land for f
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42 Figure 4.2: Children’s acquisi
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44 Figure 4.3: Profile of borrowing
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46 he/she is fully integrated as a
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48 widows will sometimes marry a ma
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50 Several communities have rules g
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52 Bush and Forest Resources In all
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54 Water and Fishing Access to wate
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56 Other factors cited for contribu
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58 Figure 4.6: Presence of differen
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60 bush resources largely follows c
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62 In Ylan, some land is held under
Page 91 and 92: 64 the majority of studied clans, t
Page 93 and 94: 66 We also found that, in the clans
Page 95 and 96: 68 In some clans such as Upper Work
Page 97 and 98: 70 Town Chiefs Town Chiefs represen
Page 99 and 100: 72 dispute resolution. 55 While in
Page 101 and 102: 74 such as Clan and Paramount Chief
Page 103 and 104: 76 some women who held positions as
Page 105 and 106: 78 could rely. This in turn produce
Page 107 and 108: 80 community sometimes encounter re
Page 109 and 110: 82 rubber on adjacent land, as well
Page 111 and 112: 84 In other clans, including Ding a
Page 113 and 114: 86 Disputes over Mining Mana Clan c
Page 115 and 116: 88 7.0 DISPUTE RESOLUTION Dispute r
Page 117 and 118: 90 7.2.2 Chairladies In Dobli, Gban
Page 119 and 120: 92 7.3.4 Disputes between Clans/Dis
Page 121 and 122: 94 In some clans, the abundance of
Page 123 and 124: 96 8.2.2 Scale of Ownership Claims
Page 125 and 126: 98 If communities anticipate that t
Page 127 and 128: 100 The importance of documenting c
Page 129 and 130: 102 The current land tenure sys
Page 131 and 132: 104 10.0 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS In
Page 133 and 134: 106 communities. Instead, we sugges
Page 135 and 136: 108 apply for fee simple tenure. Th
Page 137 and 138: 110 tenure unit. Instead, this role
Page 139 and 140: 112 Tribal Certificates and Deeds R
Page 141: 114 REFERENCES SECONDARY SOURCES Ak
Page 145 and 146: 118 DATE TIME ACTIVITY March 23, 20
Page 147 and 148: 120 ANNEX 3: NORTHEAST TRANSECT, DO
Page 149 and 150: 122 ANNEX 5: TOWN MAP, SAYKLEKAN CL
Page 151 and 152: 124 ANNEX 7: HISTORICAL MATRIX, YLA
Page 153 and 154: 126 ANNEX 9: DOBLI DISPUTE LETTER C
Page 155 and 156: 128 ANNEX 11: TRIBAL CERTIFICATE FO
Page 157 and 158: 130 ANNEX 13: SEASONAL CALENDARS, M
Page 159 and 160: 132 ANNEX 14: COMMUNITY FOREST BY-L
Page 161 and 162: 134 CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE IN LIBERI
Page 163 and 164: 136 b. A family or individual shall
Page 165 and 166: 138 a. Standing Rules Tree
Page 167 and 168: 140 The amount of rattan collecte
Page 169 and 170: 142 o o o o o o o Antelope Hippo
Page 171 and 172: 144 Any community member or gro
Page 173: 146 U.S. Agency for International D
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