of the Verde Island Passage, Philippines - weADAPT

chapter 1 • vulnerability assessment of marine ecosystems and fisheries to climate change: vulnerability
Table 22. Vulnerability assessment of the fisheries based on number of gear types per habitat type.
Habitat type
Caught by sand/ estuarine Vulnerability
Species/taxa gear type reef beach mangrove seagrass creeks/rivers pelagic index
Mabini, Batangas
dulong (Spratelloides)
dilis (Engraulis)
alumahan (Rastrelliger)
tambakol (Katsuwonus)
galunggong (Decapterus)
matambaka (Selar)
lapu-lapu (groupers)
maya-maya (Lutjanus)
kanoping (Lethrinus)
bisugo (nemipterids)
tulingan (Auxis)
pusit (Sepioteuthis, Loligo)
No. of gears per habitat
Level of fishing effort
Verde Island, Batangas City
angelfish (Pomacanthus)
butterflyfish (Chaetodontus)
damselfish (Chromis)
anthiinid (Anthias)
lion fish (Pterois)
lapu-lapu (groupers)
manites (Upeneus)
galunggong (Decapterus)
alumahan (Rastrelliger)
dalagang bukid (Caesio)
mulmol (Scarus)
labahita (Naso)
pusit (Sepioteuthis, Loligo)
No. of gears per habitat
Level of fishing effort
basnig (bag net), lambat
pandulong (gill net), scissor net
lambat pante (gill net)
lambat pante (gill net)
hayhay (surface long line)
hayhay (surface long line)
lambat pante (gill net)
kawil (hook and line), pana (spear)
hayhay (surface long line)
pamanos (squid jig)
hand nets (barrier net)
kawil (hook and line)
hayhay (long line)
lambat (gill net)
pana (spear)
pamanos (squid jig)
1
2
1
4 (high)
medium
to high
1
1
1
1
1
1
6 (high)
medium
1
1 (low)
low
1
1 (low)
low
1
1 (low)
low to
medium
1
1
2 (medium)
medium
4
1
5 (high)
medium
to high
1
1
2 (medium)
medium
medium to high
medium
Table 23. Matrix of prospective responses to climate change impacts highlighting the interacting effects between habitats and fisheries.
Responses
Climate
estuaries/
change impact seagrass seaweeds reef fish mangroves creeks/rivers pelagic groupers
increased sea
surface
temperature
can be approached
similar to corals/diversity
of associated organisms;
associated fishereies, e.g.,
siganids, and high value
invertebrate fisheries,
reduced catch in some
finfish but may have a
shift to detritivores and
omnivores
phenological
characteristic disrupted;
change in overall
community structure;
slower growth and lower
diversity; low fecundity of
species
reproductive output,
timing, survivorship of
recruits; recruitment lag/
failure; shorter larval
duration; abundance of
coral dependent species
will be reduced following
coral bleaching events
and decreased structural
complexity
decreased seedling
production, survivorship
and recruitment; lower
recruitment regeneration;
phenological
characteristics disrupted;
associated fisheries
will be reduced for
temperature dependent
reproductive output
see mangroves and
associated fisheries
especially in relation to
ontogenetic habitats
shifts and how adjacent
habitats can be seen in
exacerbated/synergistic
negative effects,
overfishing, and habitat
fragmentation/loss
shorter larval duration;
decreases survivorship
due to low food
availability; alter
reproductive periodicity
and eventual recruitment
survivorship leading
changes in fisheries
productivity
shorter larval duration;
enhanced recruitment
variability; recruitment
will be affected following
decreased structural
complexity via coral
bleaching ;
reproductive output and
timing of reproduction will
be affected, especially
spawning aggregations
sea level rise
shallow species will be
most sensitive to change
and will be vulnerable;
species found growing on
the slopes can adjust to
changing depth
can be well adapted to
changes in sea levels
(community level/change
in community structure)
inundation of mangroves
and associated species
(fauna); reduce conditions
for settlement availability
as nursery grounds for
other species; change in
sedimentation dynamics;
substrate erosion
increase storm
intensity and
frequency
• storm paths/
tracks
• storm surge
disrupt recruitment events
of associated faunal
species; decreases
survivorship
change in substrate
composition leading
to changes in algal
community structure;
burial and scouring
topographic complexity/
habitat refuge
(composition, biomass,
density); this can lead
to reduced fisheries
productivity
disrupt recruitment events
of associated faunal
species (e.g., groupers,
snappers, jacks);
decreases survivorship
propagules dislodged
prematurely; uprooting
of mature trees along
shoreline
decreases survivorship
of recently recruited
associated faunal species
(e.g., groupers, snappers,
sprats, anchovies, bangus
fry)
affect recruitment due to
loss of habitat availability
for settlement (e.g.,
decresed structural
complexity)
rainfall
• changes in
salinity
• increased
sedimentation
change in water quality
will have changes in light
requirements/availability
only a few species are
stenohalines species that
can survive
burial and mortality
can lead to habitat
modification and reduce
diversity and abundance;
this reduces fisheries
production
have salinity regulatory
function
change in sedimentation
dynamics
affect recruitment
of associated faunal
species; decreases their
survivorship
nutrient increases may
lead to blooms
ocean
acidification
will increase CO 2
;
may favor seagrass
photosynthesis but may
not happen if the system
is already distressed
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