Fatima.Mernessi_The-Forgotten-Queens-of-Islam-EN

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192 Notes able, whether in French, Arabic, or English. Since our ignorance of the past is being used against us, we must act. Read the past! Let us begin with dates. I presume that the reader, like me, always feels lost when trying to understand history as a series of dates. And the juxtaposition of two calendars - the Muslim and the Western - makes things no easier. As to the dates of dynasties and the Muslim sovereigns and their genealogical trees, I will constantly refer to two works that I recommend: Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd edn (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960), and Stanley Lane-Poole, The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions (London: Constable, 1894), translated and published in Arabic with the title Tabaqat salatin al-Islam in 1982 by Al-Dar al-'Alamiyya li al- Nashr (place not indicated). Lane-Poole's book is so practical and well done that earlier an Egyptian, Dr Ahmad al-Sa'id Sulayman, published under his own name a book with the title Tarikh al-duwal al-Islamiyya ma' mu'jam al-usar al-hakima (Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1972). This is so like Lane's book (with some additions) that I am quite confused about who is the author of what. 10 Ibn Battuta, Rihla (Beirut: Dar Beirut, 1985). [Translator's note: The following English translations of Ibn Battuta have been used in this book: The Travels of Ibn Battuta AD 1325-1354, translated by H. A. R. Gibb from the French translation of the Arabic text by C. Defremery and B. B. Sanguinetti (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, vol. 1, 1958; vol. 2, 1962); and The Rehla of Ibn Battuta (India, Maldive Islands and Ceylon), translation and commentary by Mahdi Husain (Baroda, India: Oriental Institute, 1976). The particular translation used will be cited in each instance. (The references to Radiyya are in the latter work on pp. 34 and 35.) In the rare instances where the material quoted is not included in the English translations, reference is made to the French translation by Defre"mery and Sanguinetti (Paris: Maspero, 1982).] 11 Sultana Shajarat al-Durr is mentioned in all the books of 'official' Arab history that are concerned with this era. For those who like short, entertaining accounts, see ch. 13 in Amin Ma'luf, Les Croisades vues par les Arabes (Paris: Lattes, 1983, pp. 253ff). 12 The other empire was that of the Muwahhidin, who followed them and ruled 1130-1269. For information about Zainab, see Abi Zar' al- Fasi, Al-anis al-mutrib bi rawd al-qirtas fi akhbar mulk al-Maghrib wa tarikh madina Fas (Rabat: Dar al-Mansur, 1972), p. 132. 13 Lisan al-'Arab, see the root shin ra fa (sharafa). 14 Ibid., see the root ha ra ra (harara). 15 Ibid. 16 Ibid. 17 Ibid.
Notes 193 18 'Abdallah Inan, Nihayat al-Andalus (Cairo: Maktaba al-Madani, 1987), pp. 198ff. 19 Ibid., p. 196. 20 Ibid., p. 197. 21 Ibid., pp. 198ff. 22 Ibid., p. 202. 23 This is the case, for example, with some Spanish documents of 1540, which relate the negotiations between the Spaniards and Sayyida al- Hurra after a raid by pirates on Gibraltar in which 'they took much booty and many prisoners' (Colonel de Castries, [R. G. M. E. de la Croix, due de Castries] Sources inedites de Vhistoire du Maroc, vol. 1), pp. 89, 107. 24 'Abd al-Qadir al-'Afiya, Imra'at al-jabal, al-Hurra Bint 'Alt Ibn Rashid (Tetouan: Maktaba al-Nur, 1989), p. 18. Sayyida al-Hurra has, in fact, been given a new lease of life with the interest shown in her by historians from northern Morocco, who today mostly speak Spanish. They are rehabilitating her by writing articles and studies about her, often based on European sources. The following are some examples: 'Abd al-Qadir al-'Afiya devotes a chapter to her in Al-hayat al-siyasiyya wa al-ijtima'iyya wa al-fikriyya bi Shafshawan (Political, social, and cultural life of Shafshawan) (Rabat: Ministry of Islamic Affairs, 1982), pp. 121ff; Muhammad Ibn 'Azuz Hakim, Sida al-Horra, exceptionelle souveraine, Memorial du Maroc, 3 (Rabat: Nord Organization, 1982), pp. 128ff; Muhammad Dawud, Tarikh Taiwan (Tetouan: Institut Moulay Hassan, 1959), vol. 1, pp. 117ff; Muhammad Ibn 'Azuz Hakim, Al-Sitt al-Hurra hakima Taiwan (Tetouan: Mu'assasa 'Abd al-Khaliq al-Torres, 1983). One other source that throws light on her reign is: Chantal de la Veronne, Sida el-Horra, la noble dame (Paris: Hesperides, 1956), pp. 222-5. 25 See n. 24 above. 26 A. Joly, T&ouan, Archives Marocaines 5 (Rabat, 1905), p. 188. 27 'Afiya, Imra'at al-jabal, p. 10. 28 Ibid. 29 Ibid. 30 Muhammad Dawud, Tarikh Taiwan, vol. 1, p. 117; Muhammad Ibn 'Azuz Hakim, Al-Sitt al-Hurra hakima Tatwan; Ahmad al-Nasiri, Alistiqsafi akhbar al-maghrib al-aqsa (Casablanca: Dar al-Kitab, 1956), vol. 4, p. 154. 31 Al-Maqrizi, Al-Khitat (Cairo: Maktaba al-Thaqafa al-Diniyya, 1987), vol. 2, p. 285; Abi al-Falah 'Abd al-Hayy Ibn al-'Imad al-Hanbali, Shazarat al-dahab fi akhbar man dahab (Beirut: Manshurat Dar al- Afaq al-Jadida, n.d.), vol. 3, pp. 192ff (the author died in year 1089 of the Hejira); Ibn al-Athir, Al-kamilfi al-tarikh (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, n.d.), vol. 7, pp. 304ff.
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The Forgotten Queens of Islam
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The Forgotten Queens of Islam FATIM
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Contents Introduction: Was Benazir
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Introduction Was Benazir Bhutto the
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Was Benazir Bhutto the First? 3 one
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Was Benazir Bhutto the First? 5 upo
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PART Queens and Courtesans I
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1 How Does One Say 'Queen' in Islam
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How Does One Say 'Queen' in Islam?
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The Caliph and the Queen 27 spiritu
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The Caliph and the Queen 29 the non
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The Caliph and the Queen 31 that ge
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According to Ibn Rushd: The Caliph
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The Caliph and the Queen 35 positio
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3 The jawari or Revolution in the H
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The jawari or Revolution in the Har
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4 Khayzuran: Courtesan or Head of S
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Khayzuran: Courtesan or Head of Sta
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PART Sovereignty in Islam II
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5 The Criteria of Sovereignty in Is
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The Criteria of Sovereignty in Isla
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Fifteen Queens 89 woman, beginning
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Fifteen Queens 91 schools, from whi
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Fifteen Queens 93 to be born an inf
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Fifteen Queens 95 the obvious succe
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Fifteen Queens 97 hers. The army (a
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Fifteen Queens 99 between a man and
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Fifteen Queens 101 Abaka's brother
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Fifteen Queens 103 Even among the m
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Fifteen Queens 105 ning in 591/1195
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Fifteen Queens 107 to that question
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Fifteen Queens 109 The only fault h
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Fifteen Queens 111 could advance a
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PART III The Arab Queens
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7 The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen Yeme
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 117 be
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The Shi'tie Dynasty of Yemen 119 fi
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 121 sp
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 123 en
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 125 Th
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 127 mi
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 129 ma
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 131 ta
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 133 pi
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 135 of
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 137 of
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8 The Little Queens of Sheba An Ara
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Page 163 and 164: The Little Queens of Sheba 155 for
Page 165 and 166: The Little Queens of Sheba 157 rule
Page 167 and 168: 9 The Lady of Cairo Sitt al-Mulk, b
Page 169 and 170: The Lady of Cairo 161 and Jews - ha
Page 171 and 172: The Lady of Cairo 163 Mulk with his
Page 173 and 174: The Lady of Cairo 165 astrological
Page 175 and 176: The Lady of Cairo 167 of the idea i
Page 177 and 178: The Lady of Cairo 169 and forbade t
Page 179 and 180: The Lady of Cairo 111 days the peop
Page 181 and 182: The Lady of Cairo 173 were executed
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Page 185 and 186: The Lady of Cairo 111 her sovereign
Page 187 and 188: Conclusion The Medina Democracy Vei
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Page 191 and 192: The Medina Democracy 183 tinguishin
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Page 195 and 196: The Medina Democracy 187 In Decembe
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Page 211 and 212: Notes 203 Fawwaz al-'Amili, Al-durr
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Page 219 and 220: Notes 211 70 Zarkali, A 'lam, vol.
Page 221 and 222: Notes 213 21 Ibid. 22 Ibid. 23 Ibid
Page 223 and 224: Notes 215 59 'Amri, Rawda, p. 358.
Page 225 and 226: Notes 217 37 Ibid., p. 285. 38 Ibid
Page 227 and 228: Notes 219 of Islam, which is accomp
Page 229 and 230: amir, amira, 20, 31 'amma (common p
Page 231 and 232: Ghurabiyya, 153 Golden Horde, 103,
Page 233 and 234: Mahdi, Shi'ite, 164-5 al-Mahdi, cal
Page 235 and 236: Rayta, 55, 65 reason, (al-'aql), 34
Page 237: umma (community of the faithful), 3
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