Fatima.Mernessi_The-Forgotten-Queens-of-Islam-EN

200 Notes
CHAPTER 5 THE CRITERIA OF SOVEREIGNTY
IN ISLAM
1 Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd edn (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960); article on
'Lakab'; for details on the historical event see Ibn al-Athir, Al-kamil
fi al-tarikh (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, n.d.), vol. 8, p. 226.
2 Ibn al-Athir, Kamil, vol. 8, pp. 226-7.
3 Ibid., p. 450.
4 Hanbali, Shazarat (see ch. 1 n. 31 above), vol. 7, p. 153.
5 The shahada is one of the four pillars of Islam. It consists of the
fundamental declaration: 'There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad
is His Prophet.' The four other pillars are prayer, the zakat (giving of
alms), the Ramadan fast, and the pilgrimage to Mecca. The reference
to the first Muslim coins is in Jurji Zaydan, Tarikh al-tamaddun al-
Islami (n.p., n.d.), vol. 1, pp. 142ff.
6 Ibid., vol. 1, p. 142.
7 Ibid.
8 This word is commonly transliterated as muezzin.
9 Encyclopedia of Islam, article on 'Khutba'.
10 All the treatises onfiqh have a Kitab al-jum'a (Friday book), which
normally comes after the Kitab al-salat (Book of prayer). For a
short exposition of the subject, one can consult the 20-page chapter
on the Friday service in al-Bukhari, Salih (Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa,
1978), vol. 1, pp. 157-78. If, in addition, one wants to learn the
details of each concept, word, and component of the Friday ritual,
one should read the commentary of Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani in his
work known as Path al-bari (Cairo: Maktaba Mustafa al-Halabi,
1959), vol. 3, pp. 3-74.
11 Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-muluk (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1979), vol.
1, p. 256.
12 Ibn Sa'd, Al-tabaqat al-kubra (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1980), vol. 1, pp.
230, 239. Ibn Sa'd lived in the ninth century; he died in year 230 of
the Hejira.
13 Ibid., p. 240.
14 Ibid., p. 247.
15 The taslim is the invocation of peace which consists of the following
formula: Al-salam 'alaykum (Peace be upon you); while the takbir is:
Allahu akhbar (God is great).
16 Encyclopedia of Islam, article on 'Khutba'.
17 Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqat, vol. 1, p. 238.
18 One of the most fascinating descriptions of the Prophet's mosque is
in Imam al-Nasa'i, Sunan (see ch. 4 n. 48 above), vol. 2, pp. 31-59.
19 Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqat, vol. 1, p. 250.
20 Mas'udi, Muruj al-dahab (Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, 1982), vol. 1, p. 287.
21 Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqat, vol. 1, p. 250.