Fatima.Mernessi_The-Forgotten-Queens-of-Islam-EN

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196 Notes 10 Over and over Muhammad asserted that women occupied an important place in his life, and that 'A'isha, who often accompanied him on military expeditions, was the person he loved most in the world. The Prophet's sexual prowess with his numerous wives was part of his image as a leader, which went well beyond that of ordinary mortals in all areas, including the emotional and sexual. His caring treatment of his wives was certainly something the Prophet seemed very proud of. For a lengthy exposition of this subject see the second part of my book Women and Islam: An Historical and Theological Enquiry (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991) or the US edition, The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Women's Rights in Islam (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1991). 11 Hanbali, Shazarat (see ch. 1. n. 31 above), vol. 3, p. 78; Miskawiya, Kitab tajarib al-umama (Cairo: Sharika al-Tamaddun al-Sina'iyya, 1915), vol. 7, p. 39. 12 Miskawiya, Kitab, p. 42. 13 See the following chapter for the sources on this subject. 14 Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 12, p. 16. 15 Ibid., p. 37. 16 Ibid., p. 38. 17 Ibn Hazm, 'Niqat al-'arus' (see ch. 1. n. 40 above), p. 98. 18 'Ali Ibrahim Hasan, Nisa' lahunna fi al-tarikh al-Islami nasib (Cairo: Maktaba al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 1970), p. 96. 19 Ibid., p.9. 20 Ibid., p. 96. The word rumi for a man and rumiyya for a woman had just about the same meaning that they have today; they designate the European Christians of the Mediterranean peoples who are our neighbours. In the medinas today, tourists who have a Western look are called rum. And if in Baghdad the rum were the Byzantines, and in Andalusia they were Spaniards or French, it just shows that the term designated others who were different, who were Christians and European, but were neighbours, geographically close. 21 Ibn Hazm, 'Risala fi fadl al-Andalus wa dhikr rijaliha', in Rasa'il (see ch. 1. n. 40 above), vol. 2, pp. 191ff. 22 Ibid., p. 194. 23 Ibid. 24 Al-Maqarri, Nafh al-tib min ghusn al-Andalus al-ratib (Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1967), vol. 1, p. 386. The author was born in 986 at the beginning of the seventeenth century AD. 25 There is no doubt about the rivalry that existed between the eastern Muslim empire, ruled by the Abbasids, who expelled the Umayyads and then took their place, and the western Muslim empire (that is, Andalusia), created by the descendants of that very Umayyad dynasty that had been evicted by the Abbasids. The purchase of al-Aghani's book is mentioned in Maqarri, Nafh al-tib, vol. 1, p. 386.
Notes 197 26 Ibn Hazm, 'Risala', p. 194. 27 Maqarri, Nafh al-tib, vol. 1, p. 383. 28 'Abd al-Wahid al-Murakushi, Al-mu'jib fi talkhis akhbar al-maghrib, 7th edn (Casablanca: Dar al-Kitab, 1978), pp. 46ff. 29 Maqarri, Nafh al-tib, vol. 3, p. 88. 30 Ibid., vol. 1, p. 602. 31 Ibid. 32 'Abdallah Inan, Tarajim Islamiyya, sharkiyya wa andalusiyya (Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1947), p. 172. 33 Ibid. 34 Ahmad Amin, Fajr al-Islam, llth edn (Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, 1975): this first part of the trilogy discusses the attitudes and intellectual life in Islam from its beginning to the end of the Umayyad dynasty; Ahmad Amin, Duha al-Islam, 6th edn (Cairo: Maktaba al-Nahda al- Misriyya, 1961): three volumes devoted to the social and cultural life, scientific movements, religious sects during the first Abbasid epoch; Ahmad Amin, Zuhr al-Islam, 4th edn (Cairo: Maktaba al-Nahda al- Misriyya, 1966): four volumes on the cultural, scientific, and literary life and the religious movements during the second Abbasid epoch. 35 Ahmad Amin, Zuhr al-Islam, vol. 3, p. 126. 36 Murakushi, Mu'jib, p. 48. CHAPTER 4 KHAYZURAN: COURTESAN OR HEAD OF STATE? 1 Tabari, Tarikh al-uman wa al-muluk (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1979), vol. 10, p. 56. 2 Nabia Abbott, Two Queens of Baghdad: Mother and Wife of Harun al-Rashid (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946). 3 Ibn Hazm suggests that she was of mixed origin, with an Arab father and a non-Arab mother. Ibn Hazm, 'Risala fi ummahat al-khulafa", in Risa'il (see ch. 1 no. 40 above), vol. 11, p. 120. 4 A very clear exposition of the regulation of slavery in Islam is given by Ahmad Amin in Duha al-Islam, 6th edn (Cairo: Maktaba al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 1961), vol. 1, pp. 79ff. 5 Abbott, Two Queens, p. 22. 6 Ibid., p. 26. 7 Ibid., pp. 38-9. 8 Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (New York: Dorset Press, n.d.). 9 Tabari, Tafsir, jami' al-bayan 'an ta'wil ayi al-qur'an, ed. Mahmud Muhammad Shakir (Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, n.d.), vol. 7, p. 541. 10 Abu al-Faraj al-Isbahani, Kitab al-aghani (Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-'Arabi, 1963), vol. 15, p. 28. 11 Ibid.
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The Forgotten Queens of Islam
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The Forgotten Queens of Islam FATIM
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Contents Introduction: Was Benazir
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Introduction Was Benazir Bhutto the
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Was Benazir Bhutto the First? 3 one
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Was Benazir Bhutto the First? 5 upo
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PART Queens and Courtesans I
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1 How Does One Say 'Queen' in Islam
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How Does One Say 'Queen' in Islam?
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The Caliph and the Queen 27 spiritu
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The Caliph and the Queen 29 the non
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The Caliph and the Queen 31 that ge
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According to Ibn Rushd: The Caliph
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The Caliph and the Queen 35 positio
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3 The jawari or Revolution in the H
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The jawari or Revolution in the Har
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4 Khayzuran: Courtesan or Head of S
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Khayzuran: Courtesan or Head of Sta
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PART Sovereignty in Islam II
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5 The Criteria of Sovereignty in Is
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The Criteria of Sovereignty in Isla
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Fifteen Queens 89 woman, beginning
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Fifteen Queens 91 schools, from whi
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Fifteen Queens 93 to be born an inf
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Fifteen Queens 95 the obvious succe
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Fifteen Queens 97 hers. The army (a
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Fifteen Queens 99 between a man and
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Fifteen Queens 101 Abaka's brother
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Fifteen Queens 103 Even among the m
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Fifteen Queens 105 ning in 591/1195
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Fifteen Queens 107 to that question
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Fifteen Queens 109 The only fault h
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Fifteen Queens 111 could advance a
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PART III The Arab Queens
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7 The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen Yeme
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 117 be
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The Shi'tie Dynasty of Yemen 119 fi
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 121 sp
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 123 en
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 125 Th
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 127 mi
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 129 ma
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 131 ta
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 133 pi
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 135 of
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 137 of
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8 The Little Queens of Sheba An Ara
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The Little Queens of Sheba 141 - ba
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The Little Queens of Sheba 143 to t
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Page 225 and 226: Notes 217 37 Ibid., p. 285. 38 Ibid
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Page 229 and 230: amir, amira, 20, 31 'amma (common p
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Page 233 and 234: Mahdi, Shi'ite, 164-5 al-Mahdi, cal
Page 235 and 236: Rayta, 55, 65 reason, (al-'aql), 34
Page 237: umma (community of the faithful), 3
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