Fatima.Mernessi_The-Forgotten-Queens-of-Islam-EN

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212 Notes the letter S. He tells us that it designates the sky, but that it also designates 'everything that is elevated, everything that is high', like al-sumuw, Royal Highness. Sama also designates high things like the ceiling, and high things that are connected to the sky, 'like clouds and rain'. Sama has the same root as ism, which means sign, that is, a sign designating a thing. There is a 'sense of superiority in the sign'. Ism, he tells us, 'is a design, a mark which is superimposed on an object to signify it'. And guess what is one of the plurals of isml Asma\ How did it happen that Ibn Manzur, the archaeologist of our Arab memory, did not see the link between the woman's name Asma and the word ism (name, sign), which, he tells us, come from the same root, samal Is it because such a suggestion would have brought on the return of the repressed - namely, the fact that pre-Islamie Arabia worshipped goddesses and that the Prophet's battle against the mushriqin was very often a struggle against those goddesses? In any case, the eleventhcentury Yemeni poets had no difficulty in seeing the link between the name of their queen and the heavens. 5 Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (New York: Dorset Press, n.d.), sura 27. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 8 Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 19, p. 48. 9 Imam Ibn Tahir Tayfur, Kitab balaghat al-nisa' (Beirut: Dar al-Nahda al-Haditha, 1972), p. 129. The author died in year 280 of the Hejira. 10 Umar Kahhala, A lam al-nisa' fi 'almay al-'Arabi wa al-Islami (Beirut: Mu'assasa al-Risala, 1982), vol. 1, p. 144. 11 Qannuji, Husn al-uswa (see ch. 5 n. 39 above), p. 179. 12 Mas'udi, Muruj al-dahab (Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, 1982), vol. 2, p. 384. 13 Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd edn (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960) article on 'Saba'. 14 Sura 27, verse 23. 15 One need only read the prolific poet Nizar Qabbani, for example. How could he express the pleasure he finds in women if he was forbidden to evoke Balqis? I believe he would go on strike against writing! And who would be the losers? Obviously it would be Arab women, who are the greatest consumers of his poetry, with me at the head of the list. One feels wonderful and serenely at peace with the world after reading a poem by Nizar. 16 Lisan al-'Arab, section on 'Hazm'. 17 Thawr, Hadhihi, p. 281. 18 Ibid. 19 Mahmud al-Kamil, Al-Yaman (Beirut: Dar Bayrut li al-Tiba'a wa al- Nashr, 1968), p. 169. 20 Salah Ibn Hamid al-'Alawi, Tarikh Hadramawt (n.p.: Maktaba al- Irshad, n.d.), vol. 1, p. 342.
Notes 213 21 Ibid. 22 Ibid. 23 Ibid. 24 Ibid. 25 Kamil, Yaman, p. 169. 26 Zarkali, ,47am, vol. 1, p. 279. 27 Thawr, Hadhihi, vol. 1, p. 169. 28 'Amri, Raw da (see ch. 6 n. 4 above), p. 358; Zarkali, A'lam, vol. 1, p. 279. 29 'Alawi, Tarikh Hadramawt, p. 342. 30 Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-a'yan (Beirut: Dar al-Thaqafa, n.d.), vol. 3, p. 414; 'Alawi, Tarikh Hadramawt, p. 343; Kamil, Yaman, p. 180. 31 Ibid. 32 'Amri, Rawda, p. 358. 33 'Alawi, Tarikh Hadramawt, p. 344. 34 Thawr, Hadhihi, p. 284. 35 Zarkali, A'lam, vol. 1, p. 279. 36 Thawr, Hadhihi, p. 282. 37 Encyclopedia of Islam, article on 'Isma'iliyya'. 38 Jurji Zaydan, Tarikh al-tamaddun al-Islami (n.p., n.d.), vol. 1, p. 23. 39 Encyclopedia of Islam, article on 'Isma'iliyya'. 40 There is a detailed account of the last days and hours of the Prophet in the Sira (biography of the Prophet) by Ibn Hisham. He recounts that 'Abbas, the Prophet's uncle, confided to 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib that he was convinced that the Prophet had not much longer to live and that it was absolutely necessary to go to him and find out if 'power should remain among us'. And Ibn Hisham adds that 'Ali emphatically refused to follow his uncle's advice and importune the Prophet on his deathbed. See Ibn Hisham, Al-sira al-nabawiyya (Beirut: Ihya' al- Thawra al-'Arabi, n.d.), vol. 4, p. 304. 41 Ibn al-Athir, Al-kamil fi al-tarikh (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, n.d.), vol. 8, p. 342. 42 Ibid., p. 498. 43 What can I suggest to read about Hasan al-Sabbah? It all depends on how curious one is and how much time one has to spend. Those who are pressed for time should devour the article on al-Sabbah in the Encyclopedia of Islam and also the section on Alamut. For those who love novels there is the brilliant Samarkand by Amin Ma'luf, which describes the intellectual terrorism of the epoch through the thrilling life of Omar Khayyam, who was a classmate of al-Sabbah (Paris: Lattes, 1988). For those who wish to probe the subject more deeply, I can suggest the following in French and English: Silvestre de Sacy, 'Memoire sur la dynastic des Assassins', Memoire de I'Academic des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (Paris), 4: 2 (1818); C. Defre"mery, 'Nouvelles recherches sur les Ismailiens ou bathiniens de Syrie', JA, 2
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The Forgotten Queens of Islam
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The Forgotten Queens of Islam FATIM
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Contents Introduction: Was Benazir
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Introduction Was Benazir Bhutto the
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Was Benazir Bhutto the First? 3 one
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Was Benazir Bhutto the First? 5 upo
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PART Queens and Courtesans I
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1 How Does One Say 'Queen' in Islam
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How Does One Say 'Queen' in Islam?
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The Caliph and the Queen 27 spiritu
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The Caliph and the Queen 29 the non
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The Caliph and the Queen 31 that ge
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According to Ibn Rushd: The Caliph
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The Caliph and the Queen 35 positio
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3 The jawari or Revolution in the H
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The jawari or Revolution in the Har
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4 Khayzuran: Courtesan or Head of S
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Khayzuran: Courtesan or Head of Sta
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PART Sovereignty in Islam II
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5 The Criteria of Sovereignty in Is
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The Criteria of Sovereignty in Isla
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Fifteen Queens 89 woman, beginning
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Fifteen Queens 91 schools, from whi
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Fifteen Queens 93 to be born an inf
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Fifteen Queens 95 the obvious succe
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Fifteen Queens 97 hers. The army (a
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Fifteen Queens 99 between a man and
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Fifteen Queens 101 Abaka's brother
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Fifteen Queens 103 Even among the m
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Fifteen Queens 105 ning in 591/1195
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Fifteen Queens 107 to that question
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Fifteen Queens 109 The only fault h
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Fifteen Queens 111 could advance a
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PART III The Arab Queens
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7 The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen Yeme
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 117 be
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The Shi'tie Dynasty of Yemen 119 fi
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 121 sp
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 123 en
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 125 Th
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 127 mi
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 129 ma
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 131 ta
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 133 pi
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 135 of
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The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 137 of
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8 The Little Queens of Sheba An Ara
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The Little Queens of Sheba 141 - ba
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The Little Queens of Sheba 143 to t
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The Little Queens of Sheba 145 is c
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The Little Queens of Sheba 147 al-M
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The Little Queens of Sheba 149 firs
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The Little Queens of Sheba 151 auth
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The Little Queens of Sheba 153 to p
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The Little Queens of Sheba 155 for
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The Little Queens of Sheba 157 rule
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9 The Lady of Cairo Sitt al-Mulk, b
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Page 225 and 226: Notes 217 37 Ibid., p. 285. 38 Ibid
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Page 229 and 230: amir, amira, 20, 31 'amma (common p
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Page 233 and 234: Mahdi, Shi'ite, 164-5 al-Mahdi, cal
Page 235 and 236: Rayta, 55, 65 reason, (al-'aql), 34
Page 237: umma (community of the faithful), 3
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