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2.4 Internet of Things and Related Future Internet Technologies 61
with and/or detection of such unreliable measurements and
consequent exclusion from further processing. In this context, the
proper identification and authentication of the data sources is an
important function;
• Ensuring privacy of individuals providing observations;
• Efficient mechanisms for sharing and distribution of “community
wisdom”;
• Addressing scalability and large scale deployments.
2.3.9 Social Networks and IoT
From a user perspective, abstract connectedness and real-world interdependencies
are not easily captured mentally. What users however easily relate to
is the social connectedness of family and friends. The user engagement in IoT
awareness could build on the Social Network paradigm, e.g. as described in
[36] and [37], where the users interact with the real world entities of interest
via the social network paradigm. This combination leads to interesting and
popular applications (such as [38]), which will become more sophisticated
and innovative.
Future research directions in IoT applications should consider the social
dimension, based on integration with social networks which can be seen as
another bundle of information streams. Note also that social networks are
characterized by the massive participation of human users. Hence, the wave
of social IoT applications is likely to be built over successful paradigms of participatory
sensing applications (e.g., [39, 40, 42]), which will be extending on
the basis of an increased number of autonomous interacting Internet-connected
devices. The use of the social networks metaphor for the interactions between
Internet-connected objects has been recently proposed [43] and it could enable
novel forms of M2M, interactions and related applications.
2.4 Internet of Things and Related Future
Internet Technologies
2.4.1 Cloud Computing
Since the publication of the 2011 SRA, cloud computing has been established
as one of the major building blocks of the Future Internet. New technology