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9.3 Related Works 337
combined by environmental data (environmental temperature) to obtain different
services. Stress is also put in HMI (Human-Machine Interaction) and
HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) in order to further offer profiling, privacy
and seamless interaction. In order to achieve these objectives, some concepts
from the SOUPA ontology are used, thus providing service ontology
description [27]. Interoperability is guaranteed by using a semantic middleware
layer capable of integrating functionalities of low capability devices
(motes, an electronically-enhanced sport belt) working with different communication
protocols (Bluetooth, 802.15.4).
DiYSE (Do-it-Yourself Smart Experiences, Creating smart experiences
on the Web of Things) is a project that provides the suitable tools for users
to have them generating applications for the Internet of Things, even if their
information technology skills are not especially high [28]. In order to do so, a
semantic-based engine is used, as well as semantic descriptions for sensors, so
that the latter will be better managed. Services are exposed as accessible for a
group of users, and developed applications can be executed, adapted or shared.
Ontologies have been used here as well — an ad hoc ontology is developed
after OWL-S concepts —, adding the idea that they must evolve whenever
either a change is required in the domain knowledge or there is a certain need
of change [29, 30].
IoT-A (Internet of Things Architecture) is a FP7 project pursuing the consecution
of the architectural foundations that will become dominant in the
Internet of Things, in this way seamlessly integrating the disparity of the IoT
architectures into a coherent architecture, which will be smart enough to federate
itself with other systems already present [31]. As it happens with other
projects, IoT-A relies on semantic features (Semantic Web, semantic clustering)
to discover IoT resources and their dynamic association management
[32]. Additionally, ontologies are used to define generic parameters as “temperature”
or “luminosity”, specified in terms resembling instance quantities
belonging to the QU ontologies (SySML).
On the other hand, IoT-I (Internet of Things Initiative) is an EU Framework
Programme 7 project that has as objective unifying the efforts of several
communities with interests in the Internet of Things in order to work together
in a similar vision of this paradigm, seeking a common strategic and technical
vision for the Internet of Things and promoting a socially acceptable, economically
sustainable environment that will be used to encourage the adoption