19SafQB

3.2 IoT Applications for Industry — Value Creation and Challenges 161
13.5 MHz, 433 MHz, 860–925, 2.4 GHz, use of various “languages” — ISO
standards, and different mobile devices and ecosystems.
A special challenge related to IoT devices is related to lifetime of the IoT
device which is less than of the normal industrial installation. This lifetime
mismatch needs to be considered in the complete design and management
of industrial installations involving IoT. The energy challenge is also important,
especially for active IoT devices. Depending on application the energy
harvesting can be a solution.
A very important aspect is the data and information challenge. The IoT
devices are important sources of rich and spatial distributed identification,
historical and sensor data in industrial environment. With the advent of more
intensive use in industry and taking as an example an industrial supervision
case the data amounts can really explode. Taking a simple industry sensing
and supervision example with 100 sensors installed and collecting sensing
data such as: temperature 1 per min, 3axes acceleration data with 10 k samples
per second, and 1 audio channel with say 40 ksamples per second, also
considering that data is collected only 1% of daytime, approx. 15 min per
day, the total amount of raw data for 1 year sums up to 4.4 PB/year. This
is only to show that such amounts of raw data need to be processed and
condensed and analyzed in order to be usable at all so not data but information
behind it needs to be extracted for industrial use. Adaptive data handling
and data processing and data fusion methods are required to handle
also the industrial IoT data emerging, and will require new methods to visualize
or inform about the status of real world. Also in industry the IoT data
need to be correlated to the already available automation and control data
in industrial plants. This blended information will be needed for a specific
installation and typically on site too. All this data and information need also
special attention regarding handling and management in terms of security and
access.
Another challenge and one visible in the industrial megatrends is that
technology in today’s and future factories has to support the human more
and more. Ageing work force and the lack of skilled people in combination
with the increasing productivity, quality and cost pressure lead to the need
to effectively utilize the unique human capability of purposeful behavior [5].
IoT technologies can help to support the humans and to disburden them from
doing hard routine work or wasting their time searching for information.