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9.2 Semantics as an Interoperability Enabler 325 semantic-based registry would be enabled to answer semantic requests regarding concepts in the supported ontologies: e.g. list temperature sensors in room 4304 or get detailed information of sensor #43. Besides, ontologies are also envisioned for mapping devices and its mandatory services. For instance, all devices measuring temperature must at least provide access to its sampled measures by means of a specific service, and a device controlling an engine speed must at least provide a service for modifying the new desired speed. There is a wide spectrum of ontologies describing concepts, and the relations among them, regarding main elements in an Internet of Things system: devices, services and domain-specific applications (applications for smart grids, smart cities, building management, etc.). Following, a brief description of ontologies that are becoming more influential for classifying, describing and mapping devices and services. 9.2.1 Semantic Sensor Network Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) is an ontology for describing sensors and sensor networks developed in an OWL-DL language. The SSN ontology is able to specify the capabilities of sensors, the measurement processes and the resultant observations. It can be aligned with other ontologies which are specialized in particular contexts or domains. SSN ontology has been developed by the W3C Semantic Sensor Network Incubator Group (SSN-XG). First, the core concepts and relations were developed (sensors, features, properties, observations, and systems). Then measuring capabilities, operating and survival restrictions, and deployments were added in turn. Finally, the alignment to DOLCE-UltraLite (DUL) and the realization of the core Stimulus-Sensor-Observation (SSO) ontology design pattern [20] were done. The ontology can be used for a focus on any (or a combination) of a number of perspectives: • A sensor perspective, with a focus on what senses, how it senses, and what is sensed. • A data or observation perspective, with a focus on observations and related metadata. • A system perspective, with a focus on systems of sensors.
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Internet of Things: Converging Tech
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Internet of Things: Converging Tech
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Dedication “A rock pile ceases to
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Editors Biography Dr. Ovidiu Vermes
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Foreword The Bright Future of the I
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Contents Foreword The Bright Future
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Contents xiii 5 Security and Privac
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1 Driving European Internet of Thin
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1.2 Time for Convergence 3 • Only
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1.3 Towards the IoT Universe(s) 5
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2 Internet of Things Strategic Rese
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2.1 Internet of Things Vision 9 Fig
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2.1 Internet of Things Vision 11 Im
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2.1 Internet of Things Vision 13 Fi
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2.1 Internet of Things Vision 15 Fi
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2.2 IoT Strategic Research and Inno
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comprising a number of components s
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2.3 IoT Applications 39 be possible
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2.3 IoT Applications 41 Fig. 2.17 A
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2.3 IoT Applications 43 Fig. 2.18 S
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2.3 IoT Applications 45 Fig. 2.20 E
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2.3 IoT Applications 47 Energy (IoE
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2.3 IoT Applications 49 momentary t
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2.3 IoT Applications 51 Fig. 2.23 S
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2.3 IoT Applications 53 new range o
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2.3 IoT Applications 55 Fig. 2.24 E
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2.3 IoT Applications 57 • Data ne
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2.3 IoT Applications 59 Fig. 2.26 I
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2.4 Internet of Things and Related
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2.5 Infrastructure 69 tiny chips. T
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2.5 Infrastructure 71 knowledge, e.
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2.6.1.1 Complexity of the Networks
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2.6 Networks and Communication 75 s
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2.6 Networks and Communication 77 2
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2.7 Processes 79 based on events th
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2.8 Data Management 81 centrally, i
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2.8 Data Management 83 Device event
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2.8 Data Management 85 computing pl
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2.8 Data Management 87 open platfor
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2.8 Data Management 89 • The comb
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2.8 Data Management 91 expected res
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2.9 Security, Privacy & Trust 93 So
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2.10 Device Level Energy Issues 95
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2.11 IoT Related Standardisation 10
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2.11.4 Interoperability in the Inte
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2.12 Recommendations on Research To
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Internet of Things Timelines Table
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Table 2.1. (Continued ) Development
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Table 2.2. Internet of Things Resea
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Table 2.2. (Continued ) Research ne
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Table 2.2. (Continued ) Research ne
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References 145 [21] H. Grindvoll, O
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References 147 [57] A. S. Rao, M. P
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References 149 [101] C.A.R. Hoare,
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References 151 [143] INSPIRE, EU FP
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3 IoT Applications — Value Creati
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3.2 IoT Applications for Industry
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3.3 Future Factory Concepts 163 Ima
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3.3 Future Factory Concepts 165 Fig
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3.3 Future Factory Concepts 167 tim
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3.3 Future Factory Concepts 169 the
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3.4 Brownfield IoT: Technologies fo
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3.5 Smart Objects, Smart Applicatio
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3.5 Smart Objects, Smart Applicatio
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3.6 Four Aspects in your Business t
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3.7 Auto_ID — Value Creation from
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3.8 What the Shopping Basket Can Te
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3.9 IoT For Oil and Gas Industry 19
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3.9 IoT For Oil and Gas Industry 19
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3.10 Opinions on IoT Application an
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3.10 Opinions on IoT Application an
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References 205 [4] Building Value f
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4 Internet of Things Privacy, Secur
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4.1 Introduction 209 purchases were
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4.2 Overview of Activity Chain 05
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4.3 Contribution From FP7 Projects
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4.4 Conclusions 223 The involvement
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5 Security and Privacy Challenge in
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5.1 Security, Privacy and Trust in
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5.2 First Steps Towards a Secure Pl
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5.3 Smartie Approach 237 SMARTIE wi
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5.3 Smartie Approach 239 Security a
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References 241 The idea of the IoT
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References 243 [20] Mo Mansouri, Al
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6 A Common Architectural Approach f
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6.2 Defining a Common Architectural
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6.2 Defining a Common Architectural
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6.3 The iCore Functional Architectu
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References 257 with VO Lifecycle Ma
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7 Internet of Things Standardisatio
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7.1 Introduction 261 Fig. 7.1 Resea
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7.2 M2M Service Layer Standardisati
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7.2 M2M Service Layer Standardisati
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7.3 OGC Sensor Web for IoT 267 beco
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7.3 OGC Sensor Web for IoT 269 IoT
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7.4 IEEE and IETF 271 IPv6, which c
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7.5 ITU-T 273 terminology, common r
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7.6 Conclusions 275 As highlighted
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8 Simpler IoT Word(s) of Tomorrow,
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A simple representation of interope
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8.1 Introduction 281 will in the ta
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8.2 Physical vs Virtual 283 Require
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8.3 Solve the Basic First — The P
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8.4 The Data Interoperability 291 F
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8.5 The Semantic Interoperability 2
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Page 724: 348 Index user data, 240 UWB, 35, 9
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