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2.4 Internet of Things and Related Future Internet Technologies 63
• Access control models to ensure the proper access to the data stored
in the cloud.
2.4.2 IoT and Semantic Technologies
The 2010 SRA has identified the importance of semantic technologies towards
discovering devices, as well as towards achieving semantic interoperability.
During the past years, semantic web technologies have also proven their
ability to link related data (web-of-data concept) [48], while relevant tools
and techniques have just emerged [49]. Future research on IoT is likely to
embrace the concept of Linked Open Data. This could build on the earlier
integration of ontologies (e.g., sensor ontologies) into IoT infrastructures and
applications.
Semantic technologies will also have a key role in enabling sharing and
re-use of virtual objects as a service through the cloud, as illustrated in the
previous paragraph. The semantic enrichment of virtual object descriptions
will realise for IoT what semantic annotation of web pages has enabled in
the Semantic Web. Associated semantic-based reasoning will assist IoT users
to more independently find the relevant proven virtual objects to improve
the performance or the effectiveness of the IoT applications they intend
to use.
2.4.3 Autonomy
Spectacular advances in technology have introduced increasingly complex and
large scale computer and communication systems. Autonomic computing [50],
inspired by biological systems, has been proposed as a grand challenge that
will allow the systems to self-manage this complexity, using high-level objectives
and policies defined by humans. The objective is to provide some self-x
properties to the system, where x can be adaptation, organization, optimization,
configuration, protection, healing, discovery, description, etc.
The Internet of Things will exponentially increase the scale and the complexity
of existing computing and communication systems. Autonomy is thus
an imperative property for IoT systems to have. However, there is still a lack of
research on how to adapt and tailor existing research on autonomic computing
to the specific characteristics of IoT, such as high dynamicity and distribution,
real-time nature, resource constraints, and lossy environments.