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Table 2.2. (Continued )<br />

Research needs 2012–2015 2016–2020 Beyond 2020<br />

Hardware Systems,<br />

Circuits and<br />

Architectures<br />

• Ultra low power circuits<br />

• Electronic paper<br />

• Devices capable of tolerating harsh<br />

environments (extreme temperature<br />

variation, vibration and shock conditions<br />

and contact with different<br />

chemical substances)<br />

• Nano power processing units<br />

• Silent Tags<br />

• Biodegradable antennae<br />

• Multi protocol front ends<br />

• Multi standard mobile readers<br />

• Extended range of tags and readers<br />

• Transmission speed<br />

• Distributed control and databases<br />

• Multi-band, multi-mode wireless sensor<br />

architectures<br />

• Smart systems on tags with sensing<br />

and actuating capabilities (temperature,<br />

pressure, humidity, display, keypads,<br />

actuators, etc.)<br />

• Ultra low power chip sets to increase<br />

operational range (passive tags) and<br />

increased energy life (semi passive,<br />

active tags)<br />

• Ultra low cost chips with security<br />

• Collision free air to air protocol<br />

• Minimum energy protocols<br />

• Heterogeneous integration<br />

• Self powering sensors<br />

• Low cost modular devices<br />

• Adaptive architectures<br />

• Reconfigurable wireless systems<br />

• Changing and adapting functionalities<br />

to the environments<br />

• Micro readers with multi standard<br />

protocols for reading sensor and<br />

actuator data<br />

• Distributed memory and processing<br />

• Low cost modular devices<br />

• Protocols correct by construction<br />

• Biodegradable antennas<br />

• Autonomous “bee” type devices<br />

• Heterogeneous architectures<br />

• “Fluid” systems,<br />

continuously changing and<br />

adapting<br />

134 Internet of Things Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda<br />

(Continued )

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