MORE GUIDANCE, BETTER RESULTS?

Classroom and College ExperiencesIntegration and Sense of Belonging at School (10-item scale, Cronbach’s Alpha= 0.80)1. This is an unfriendly place. [responses were reversed in order to calculate the scalescore]2. I do not feel that I fit in or belong at this campus. [responses were reversed]3. The instructors and staff understand who I am, where I am coming from.4. It is difficult to make good friends with other students. [responses were reversed]5. The other students do not understand who I am, where I am coming from.[responses were reversed]6. This campus has the feeling of a community, where many people share the samegoals and interests.7. Many people on this campus know me by name.8. I do not feel I am a part of campus life. [responses were reversed]9. I know my way around this place.10. I am proud to be a student here.Response categories: Strongly disagree (1)Disagree (2)Agree (3)Strongly agree (4)Responses were summed and averaged. Scores range from 1 to 4.Social and Psychological OutcomesOutlook and IdentityOptimism (6-item scale, Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.72)1. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best.2. If something can go wrong for me, it will. [responses were reversed in order tocalculate the scale score]3. I am always optimistic about my future.111