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Male SubgroupFemale SubgroupDifferenceProgram Control Difference Standard Program Control Difference Standard BetweenOutcome Group Group (Impact) Error Group Group (Impact) Error SubgroupsAverage number of credits earned 1.5 1.7 -0.2 0.3 2.3 2.3 0.1 0.2Regular credits 1.5 1.6 -0.2 0.3 2.2 2.1 0.1 0.2Developmental credits 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0Term GPA (%)0 to 1.9 9.9 9.0 0.9 2.6 13.3 10.5 2.8 * 1.62.0 and higher 12.9 15.3 -2.4 3.1 22.2 21.9 0.3 2.0No GPA a 77.2 75.8 1.5 3.8 64.5 67.6 -3.1 2.3Third postprogram semesterAppendix Table E.5 (continued)Registered for any courses (%) 17.2 20.9 -3.7 3.5 32.7 27.4 5.3 ** 2.3 ††128Average number of credits attempted 1.8 1.8 -0.1 0.4 3.2 2.6 0.6 *** 0.2Regular credits 1.6 1.8 -0.1 0.3 3.0 2.4 0.6 ** 0.2 †Developmental credits 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1Average number of credits earned 1.2 1.4 -0.2 0.3 2.1 1.8 0.3 0.2Regular credits 1.2 1.3 -0.1 0.3 2.0 1.8 0.3 0.2Developmental credits 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0Term GPA (%)0 to 1.9 5.4 4.3 1.1 1.9 9.6 6.7 2.9 ** 1.42.0 and higher 10.2 15.6 -5.3 * 3.0 20.9 19.1 1.8 2.0 ††No GPA a 84.4 80.2 4.2 3.4 69.5 74.2 -4.7 ** 2.2 ††(continued)
Male SubgroupFemale SubgroupDifferenceProgram Control Difference Standard Program Control Difference Standard BetweenOutcome Group Group (Impact) Error Group Group (Impact) Error SubgroupsFourth postprogram semester bAppendix Table E.5 (continued)Registered for any courses (%) 14.9 14.7 0.2 3.2 27.5 25.8 1.7 2.2Average number of credits attempted 1.4 1.2 0.1 0.3 2.6 2.4 0.3 0.2Regular credits 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.3 2.5 2.2 0.3 0.2Developmental credits 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0Sample size (total = 2,139) 257 262 816 804SOURCES: MDRC calculations from Lorain County Community College and Owens Community College transcript data.129NOTES: Rounding may cause slight discrepancies in sums and differences.A two-tailed t-test was applied to differences between research groups. Statistical significance levels are indicated as: *** = 1 percent; ** = 5percent; * = 10 percent.A two-tailed t-test was applied to differences of impacts between subgroups. Statistical significance levels are indicated as: ††† = 1 percent; †† = 5percent; † = 10 percent.Estimates are adjusted by cohort and college.GPA = grade point average.aThe “No GPA” category includes students who did not enroll and students who took only developmental courses, which are not included in GPAcalculations.bThe fourth postprogram semester does not include data for credits earned or term GPA.
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OPENING DOORSMORE GUIDANCE,BETTER R
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Funders of the Opening Doors Projec
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ContentsOverviewList of Tables, Fig
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List of Tables, Figures, and BoxesT
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PrefaceIf approved by Congress, the
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guidance on the study. Thomas Brock
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• The Ohio colleges successfully
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Program group members were assigned
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• For the most part, the program
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offered, but might also provide stu
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Chapter 1IntroductionOver the last
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The Opening Doors DemonstrationTabl
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sure that students complete the req
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While the mechanism through which s
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imately 1,700 to 1 in 2001. 22 Exac
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of literature exist on career couns
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The CollegeLorain County Community
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• Were beginning freshmen or cont
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Table 2.1 (continued)SOURCE: MDRC c
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Lorain and Owens Financial Aid Data
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Chapter 3The Implementation of the
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Toward the end of each student’s
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meet with their counselor a minimum
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Appendix Table C.2 shows informatio
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Opening Doors counselors, and progr
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Program Control Difference Standard
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Chapter 4The Effects of Enhanced St
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Program SemestersTable 4.1 (page 47
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Transcript Outcomes by GenderAssess
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correspond with the program’s imp
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Chapter 5Summary and ConclusionsLor
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The Opening Doors DemonstrationFigu
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An alternative interpretation of th
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Appendix ASupplementary Baseline In
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Full Program ControlCharacteristic
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Appendix Table A.1 (continued)Full
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Full Program ControlCharacteristic
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Appendix Table A.2 (continued)Full
Page 102 and 103: Appendix Table A.3 (continued)Full
Page 105: Appendix BSurvey Response Analysis
Page 108 and 109: Background Characteristics of Surve
Page 110 and 111: Table B.1 (continued)Characteristic
Page 112 and 113: The Opening Doors DemonstrationAppe
Page 114 and 115: Table B.2 (continued)SOURCE: MDRC c
Page 129 and 130: Lorain OwensProgram ProgramOutcome
Page 131 and 132: Lorain County Community CollegeOwen
Page 133: Appendix DDescription of Scales Pre
Page 136 and 137: 4. I hardly ever expect things to g
Page 138 and 139: Social Support and Civic Engagement
Page 140 and 141: Psychological Distress (6-item summ
Page 149 and 150: Male SubgroupFemale SubgroupDiffere
Page 151: Male SubgroupFemale SubgroupDiffere
Page 157 and 158: Appendix Table E.7 (continued)SOURC
Page 163 and 164: Appendix Table E.10 (continued)SOUR
Page 165 and 166: ReferencesAdelman, Clifford. 2004.
Page 167 and 168: EARLIER MDRC PUBLICATIONS ON OPENIN
Page 169: About MDRCMDRC is a nonprofit, nonp
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