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Program Control Difference Standard EffectOutcome Group Group (Impact) Error SizeOutlook and identityOptimism a 3.02 3.04 -0.02 0.03 -0.03Goal orientation b 3.55 3.54 0.01 0.02 0.03Life engagement c 3.51 3.51 0.00 0.02 0.01Self-esteem d 3.51 3.50 0.01 0.02 0.01Sense of self e 3.53 3.55 -0.02 0.02 -0.06Social support and civic engagementGeneral social support f 3.30 3.30 0.00 0.02 0.00Friends value education g 2.94 2.92 0.02 0.04 0.02Did unpaid volunteer orcommunity work in the past year (%) 30.4 31.0 -0.6 2.2 0.0Civic engagement h 0.43 0.43 0.00 0.01 0.01Antisocial behavior (%)The Opening Doors DemonstrationAppendix Table E.10Social and Psychological OutcomesLorain County Community College and Owens Community College ReportSpent time in reform schoolor prison in past year 4.0 4.9 -0.9 1.0 0.0Close friend spent time in reformschool or prison in past year 28.3 29.2 -1.0 2.1 0.0Sample size (total = 1,813) 910 903(continued)138
Appendix Table E.10 (continued)SOURCE: MDRC calculations from the Opening Doors 12-Month Survey.NOTES: Rounding may cause slight discrepancies in sums and differences.A two-tailed t-test was applied to differences between research groups. Statistical significancelevels are indicated as: *** = 1 percent; ** = 5 percent; * = 10 percent.Estimates are adjusted by cohort and college.a 6-item scale about feelings of optimism; response categories range from 1 = “strongly disagree” to4 = “strongly agree.” The six items are averaged.b 3-item scale about feeling focused on one’s goals; response categories range from 1 = “stronglydisagree” to 4 = “strongly agree.” The three items are averaged.c 6-item scale about feelings that life is purposeful and worthwhile; response categories range from1 = “strongly disagree” to 4 = “strongly agree.” The six items are averaged.d 4-item scale about feelings of self-esteem; response categories range from 1 = “strongly disagree”to 4 = “strongly agree.” The four items are averaged.e 13-item scale about feeling a strong sense of who one is, who one wants to be, and connections toothers; response categories range from 1 = “strongly disagree” to 4 = “strongly agree.” The 13 items areaveraged.f 8-item scale about the presence of social support; response categories range from 1 = “stronglydisagree” to 4 = “strongly agree.” The eight items are averaged.g 5-item scale about the importance of education to friends; response categories range from 1 = “notvery” to 4 = “extremely.” The five items are averaged.h 4-item scale of activities indicative of civic engagement (registered to vote; voted in presidentialelection; donated time or money to a political campaign; attended a political speech, rally, or march).Each item is coded as a 0 (“no”) or 1 (“yes”), and the four items are averaged.139
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OPENING DOORSMORE GUIDANCE,BETTER R
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Funders of the Opening Doors Projec
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ContentsOverviewList of Tables, Fig
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List of Tables, Figures, and BoxesT
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PrefaceIf approved by Congress, the
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guidance on the study. Thomas Brock
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• The Ohio colleges successfully
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Program group members were assigned
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• For the most part, the program
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offered, but might also provide stu
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Chapter 1IntroductionOver the last
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The Opening Doors DemonstrationTabl
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sure that students complete the req
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While the mechanism through which s
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imately 1,700 to 1 in 2001. 22 Exac
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of literature exist on career couns
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The CollegeLorain County Community
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• Were beginning freshmen or cont
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Table 2.1 (continued)SOURCE: MDRC c
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Lorain and Owens Financial Aid Data
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Chapter 3The Implementation of the
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Toward the end of each student’s
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meet with their counselor a minimum
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Appendix Table C.2 shows informatio
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Opening Doors counselors, and progr
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Program Control Difference Standard
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Chapter 4The Effects of Enhanced St
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Program SemestersTable 4.1 (page 47
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Transcript Outcomes by GenderAssess
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correspond with the program’s imp
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Chapter 5Summary and ConclusionsLor
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The Opening Doors DemonstrationFigu
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An alternative interpretation of th
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Appendix ASupplementary Baseline In
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Full Program ControlCharacteristic
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Appendix Table A.1 (continued)Full
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Full Program ControlCharacteristic
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Appendix BSurvey Response Analysis
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Background Characteristics of Surve
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Table B.1 (continued)Characteristic
Page 112 and 113: The Opening Doors DemonstrationAppe
Page 114 and 115: Table B.2 (continued)SOURCE: MDRC c
Page 116 and 117: Table B.3 (continued)Characteristic
Page 122 and 123: Table B.5 (continued)Characteristic
Page 129 and 130: Lorain OwensProgram ProgramOutcome
Page 131 and 132: Lorain County Community CollegeOwen
Page 133: Appendix DDescription of Scales Pre
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Page 138 and 139: Social Support and Civic Engagement
Page 140 and 141: Psychological Distress (6-item summ
Page 149 and 150: Male SubgroupFemale SubgroupDiffere
Page 157 and 158: Appendix Table E.7 (continued)SOURC
Page 161: The Opening Doors DemonstrationAppe
Page 165 and 166: ReferencesAdelman, Clifford. 2004.
Page 167 and 168: EARLIER MDRC PUBLICATIONS ON OPENIN
Page 169: About MDRCMDRC is a nonprofit, nonp
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