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586 J A M E S [ 1926-1929 ]It is a matter of common knowledge that the Ulysses of Mr. James Joyceis being republished in the United States, in a magazine edited by SamuelRoth, and that this republication is being made without authorization byMr. Joyce; without payment to Mr. Joyce and with alterations which seriouslycorrupt the text. This appropriation and mutilation of Mr. Joyce'sproperty is made under colour of legal protection in that Ulysses which ispublished in France and which has been excluded from the mails in theUnited States is not protected by copyright in the United States. The questionof justification of that exclusion is not now in issue; similar decisionshave been made by government officials with reference to works of artbefore this. The question in issue is whether the public (including theeditors and publishers to whom his advertisements are offered) will encourageMr. Samuel Roth to take advantage of the resultant legal difficultyof the author to deprive him of his property and to mutilate the creationof his art. The undersigned protest against Mr. Roth's conduct in republishingUlysses and appeal to the American public in the name of thatsecurity of works of the intellect and the imagination without which artcannot live, to oppose to Mr. Roth's enterprise the full power of honorableand fair opinion.The 167 signers included such names as Robert Bridges, Croce, Duhamel,Einstein, Eliot, Havelock Ellis, E. M. Forster, Galsworthy, GiovanniGentile, Gide, Ramon Gomez de la Serna, Lady Gregory, Hemingway,Hofmannsthal, D. H. Lawrence, Wyndham Lewis, Maeterlinck,Masefield, Merejkowsky, Sean O'Casey, Jean Paulhan, Pirandello, GeorgeRussell, James Stephens, Symons, Unamuno, Valery, Hugh Walpole,H. G. Wells, Rebecca West, Thornton Wilder, Virginia Woolf, andYeats. The signatures of Einstein, Croce, and Gentile gave Joyce specialpleasure. 32Bernard Shaw refused to sign, perhaps recalling a question ofpiracy of his own work in Zurich. Ezra Pound objected to signing, becausehe thought Joyce was putting personal advertisement ahead of thegeneral evils of the copyright and pornography laws and using 'a mountainbattery to shoot a gnat.' 33The real quarrel was, he insisted, 'withthe whole American people which sanction the state of the laws.' 34Hewrote Joyce on December 25, i consider it a missfire, that omits theessential part and drags in an irrelevancy.' 35Joyce wrote a courtly replyto say he assumed Pound felt his signature to be one of those that weresupererogatory, and no open quarrel took place. A few months later Poundagreed to give testimony against Roth by affidavit, 36but continued tourge Joyce, as 'the leader of European prose,' to denounce, with Roth aspretext, everything American. Hemingway told Joyce this idea was'moonshine,' 37and of course Joyce did not follow it. The protest wasdated and issued to the press on Joyce's birthday, February 2, 1927, aday for which each year his respect increased. That night a party of friends,including Larbaud, Sylvia Beach, Adrienne Monnier, the MacLeishes,