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Overview of Indonesia and its Economy1.7 Economic performance1.7.1 Size of the economyIn 2005, Indonesia’s GDP was US$281 billion, ranking Indonesia as the 26th largest economy in the world.Per capita GDP at PPP was US$4,458, placing Indonesia 110th in the world.The industrial sector accounted for 45.8% of GDP, followed by services (40.8%) and agriculture (13.4%)The agricultural sector is the country’s largest employer, providing jobs for 44.3% of the 95 million-strongworkforce, followed by the services sector (36.9%) and the industrial sector (18.8%).Table 1.7.1 Key economic indicators, 2005Indicators Indonesia Malaysia India Thailand ChinaNominal GDP (US$ bn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.3 130.6 797.8 176.6 2,224.9Current-account balance (US$ bn) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 14.1 (12.9) (3.7) 160.8Current-account balance (% GDP) . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 10.8 (1.6) (2.1) 7.2Exports of goods fob (US$ billion) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.2 141.8 98.1 109.3 762.5Imports of goods fob (US$ billion) . . . . . . . . . . . . (61.8) (115.5) (149.8) (106) (628.3)External debt (US$ billion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.0 52.0 125.5 52.5 252.8Debt-service ratio, paid (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 4.8 9.2 8.6 5.2Source: Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Data plantation1.7.2 Economic baseHistorically, agriculture (including crop plantations, animal husbandry, fishing and forestry) has been thedominant sector in terms of both employment and economic output. Indonesia’s main agricultural productsinclude palm oil, rice, tea, coffee, spices and rubber.In addition, the country has abundant mineral resources. The mining sector has therefore been asimportant souce of income for the country. Indonesia is considered a major oil producer and is South EastAsia’s only member of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).The industrial or manufacturing sector emerged in the late 1970s and surpassed the agricultural sector inGDP contribution in the mid 1980s. Between 1995 and 1997, the industrial sector replaced the servicessector as the major contributor to GDP. Key sub-sectors include consumer goods products, textiles,apparel and car manufacturing.The services sector has continued to grow over the past five years, supported by growth in tourism, as wellas growth in the retail and financial sectors.Table 1.7.2 GDP by industrial origin, 2000-2005 current prices (in billions Rupiah)2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005GDP by industrial origin. ..... 1,389,770 1,684,280 1,863,275 2,045,853 2,273,142 2,729,708Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216,831 263,328 298,877 325,654 331,553 365,560Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,692 182,008 161,024 169,536 196,112 285,087Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385,598 506,320 553,747 590,051 639,655 765,967Electricity, gas & water . . . . . . . . 8,394 10,855 15,392 19,541 22,067 24,993Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,573 89,299 101,574 112,571 143,052 173,441Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,452 267,656 314,647 337,840 369,361 429,944Transport & communications . . . . 65,012 77,188 97,970 118,267 142,292 180,969Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,463 135,370 154,442 174,324 194,429 228,108Public administration. . . . . . . . . . 69,461 81,851 84,729 102,507 121,129 135,133Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,294 70,407 80,874 95,562 113,491 140,508Net factor income from abroad . . (92,162) (61,051) (54,513) (79,629) (78,414) (85,355)Gross National Product (GNP) . . 1,297,608 1,623,229 1,808,762 1,966,225 2,194,728 2,644,354Source: Asian Development Bank, Key Indicators, 2006F-11