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LIPPO-MAPLETREE - Lippo Malls Indonesia Retail Trust - Investor ...

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Overview of <strong>Indonesia</strong> and its Economypopulation aged under 15 years of age, the country has a huge pool of human resources to draw upon inthe short to medium term.Table 1.8.1 <strong>Indonesia</strong>—population by gender and age, 2000Age group Male Female Total % of total0-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,191 31,060 63,251 30.7%15-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,886 21,921 42,807 20.8%25-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,201 31,210 62,411 30.3%45-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,358 13,682 28,040 13.6%65+......................................... 4,788 4,582 9,370 4.6%Total. ....................................... 103,424 102,455 205,879 100%Source: Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), 2000 CensusPopulation growth is forecast to average 1.4% per annum between 2006 and 2010. This lower growth rateshould prove positive in the longer term as it places less strain on public services and infrastructure, reducenew entrants to the labour market (currently nearly 2.5 million a year) and eventually facilitate higher levelsof GDP per capita. Increased life expectancy, and falling birth and death rates will lead to a steady ageing ofthe population, and this is expected to change consumption patterns over the long run.Table 1.8.2 Forecast of demographic profile, 2000-2010Population (m) 2000 2005 2010Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.8 242 258.8Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.4 120.8 129.2Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 121.2 129.6Age profile (% of total population)0-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 29.1 27.615-64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 65.7 66.665+......................................................... 4.6 5.2 5.8Age profile (% of total population) 2000 2005 2010Young-age dependency ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.47 0.44 0.41Old-age dependency ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 0.08 0.09Working-age population (million) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.6 158.9 172.3Urbanisation (% of total) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 47.9 53.2Labour force (million) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.7 106.5 115.5Period averages 2001-05 2006-10Population growth (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.4Working-age population growth (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.6Labour force growth (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 1.6Crude birth rate (per 1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 19.5Crude death rate (per 1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.1Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.1 32.1Source: Economist Intelligence Unit estimates and forecasts, February 2007, Central Statistics Bureau(BPS), International Labour Organisation (ILO), labour force projections; National Statistics1.8.2 DistributionIndustrial development in <strong>Indonesia</strong> has resulted in large-scale migration to urban areas. In 2005, 46% ofthe population were living in cities, compared with 31% in 1990 and 22% in 1980. As a result, thepopulation distribution remains highly uneven. Despite attempts from the government to ease congestionin Java, Bali and Madura through transmigration programs, 61% of <strong>Indonesia</strong>ns still live on these threeislands, which constitute only around 7% of <strong>Indonesia</strong>’s land surface area. In 2004, the population densityof Java island stood at an estimated 1,009 people per square kilometre (sq.km), while in Jakarta, theF-19

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