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ANNEX VII:GE ENERGY AND ADVANCED FOSSIL FUELTECHNOLOGIESByMr. Praveen GaliHead, Advanced Technology OperationsGE Energy, IndiaGE Energy, with globally spread out operations that employ around 100,000 employees,accounts for 25 per cent of the total revenues of GE Group. Its activities span variousaspects of power and water, oil and gas, and energy management.In the Indian power generation scenario, in the near term (up to three years), coal willbe troubled by infrastructural bottlenecks, while gas will still face lack of availabilityand oil will continue to be imported to meet the rising demand. In the longer term (morethan 10 years), coal will firmly establish as the dominant fuel, shale gas would bring innotable changes in the power generation sector, and renewable sources of energy willpenetrate distributed generation. In this scenario, relative cost and ease of availabilitywill drive the choice of technology.As far as fossil fuels are concerned, coal emits the most carbon dioxide (CO 2), followedby oil and gas. Among technologies that employ fossil fuel for power generation,Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) releases the least amount of CO 2,while sub-critical pulverized coal boilers generate the most. Over the years, gas turbineshave become more advanced, showing a 3 per cent decrease in CO 2emissions forevery 1 per cent increase in efficiency.Gas turbines offer advantages in terms of availability, price, emission, capital cost andoperational flexibility. GE’s gas turbine technology has seen advancements incombustion, thermal coating materials, and cooling and sealing aspects. In combustiontechnology, while the current norm sets nitrogen oxides (NOx) level at 50 ppm,technology could brings this down to about 1 ppm.In the power generation sector, there are basically four alternative approaches to reducingCO 2emissions: (1) alter system operations; (2) alter new generation additions; (3)replace/modify existing system; or (4) alter electricity consumption. Figure 3-15 liststhe options available under these approaches.At present, and in the coming decade as well, fossil fuels-based generation is themainstay of Indian power sector. However, a majority of the units is in the 210 MWcategory, according to Central Electricity Authority data, and several of those units areold plants operating at 29-32 per cent efficiency. This situation needs to be corrected,and retrofitting existing plants is an option that may be pursued where feasible.Technology to address climate change and efficiency improvement does exist andneeds to be utilized by pursuing a portfolio of technology solutions. The deployment ofthese technologies would require policy support – incentives and mandates – from thegovernment.102
Figure 3-15: CO 2reduction alternatives in the power sectorAlterSystemOperationsAlter NewGenerationAdditionsReplace orModify ExistingSystemAlter ElectricalConsumption- More gas,less coal- More efficient coal- More renewables- More nuclear- Coal with CCS- Efficiencyimprovements- Retrofit CCS- Retirements- Repowering- Trans/Dist lossreduction- Conservation& DSM- Substituteelectricityfor other fuels- Substituteother energyfor electricity103
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ADVANCES IN FOSSIL FUELTECHNOLOGIES
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ADVANCES IN FOSSIL FUELTECHNOLOGIES
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CONTENTSABBREVIATIONSiiiPART ONEREP
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ABBREVIATIONSAC : Alternating curre
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OECD : Organization for Economic Co
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IORGANIZATION OF THE WORKSHOPA. Bac
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D. Election of officersThe followin
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IIICONSIDERATION OF ISSUESA. Backgr
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emissions. Underground coal gasific
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800 MWe, a steam pressure of 300 kg
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• Materials development & manufac
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Figure 1-5: Strategy for commercial
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tonnes, the state-owned enterprise
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• Ensuring not just easy FDI entr
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MW ultra-supercritical units; and s
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the captive generation capacity) on
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and other financial institutions -
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and higher efficiency power generat
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energy technologies, which can enab
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• Such massive financial inputs c
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BASELINE REPORT ON FOSSIL FUEL TECH
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B. General R&D climate in the count
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a convenient way to envisage energy
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to mature and become more cost-comp
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emissions, at least relative to sin
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The Ministry of Power (MoP), which
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3. Bio-energyBio-energy, widely ava
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in such a canal will rotate at a lo
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in tackling climate change. A one p
Page 61 and 62: Advantages of supercritical plants
Page 63 and 64: existing power plants but also to b
Page 65 and 66: BASELINE REPORT ON FOREIGN DIRECT I
Page 67 and 68: CEA at 598 mt. This is mainly due t
Page 69 and 70: For India to maintain its momentum
Page 71 and 72: Table 2-5: Electricity generation t
Page 73 and 74: Growth, which submitted its interim
Page 75 and 76: 3. Future challengesThe future chal
Page 77 and 78: development worked out. Public-priv
Page 79 and 80: Linking FDI to technology transferI
Page 81 and 82: The total requirement of fund durin
Page 83 and 84: Funding from multilateral agenciesM
Page 85 and 86: cooperation will be essential in so
Page 87: Planning Commission, Government of
Page 90 and 91: ANNEX I:LIST OF PARTICIPANTSMr. A.K
Page 92 and 93: Mr. S.C. Shrivastava, Joint Chief (
Page 94 and 95: ANNEX II:PROGRAMME6 June 2012, Wedn
Page 96 and 97: ANNEX III:AN OVERVIEW OF ADVANCED F
Page 98 and 99: • Technology solutions are also v
Page 100 and 101: Table 3-5: Improvement in cycle eff
Page 102 and 103: • No liquid effluent formation;
Page 104 and 105: Figure 3-5: Advancement of gas turb
Page 106 and 107: Figure 3-8: Goal 2 - New clean tech
Page 108 and 109: Compared with conventional power pl
Page 110 and 111: Figure 3-14: Thermax coal gasificat
Page 114 and 115: ANNEX VIII:SWOT ANALYSIS OF FOSSIL
Page 116 and 117: By 2035, cumulative CO 2emissions f
Page 118 and 119: • Falling prices of renewable ene
Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-20: New advanced coal powe
Page 122 and 123: ANNEX X:ENERGY CONSERVATION: ERDA
Page 124 and 125: Table 3-11: Energy cost and intensi
Page 126 and 127: 300Figure 3-23: Trends in coal use
Page 128 and 129: C. Gaps in coal use efficiencyFigur
Page 130 and 131: ANNEX XII:FINANCING OF THE POWER SE
Page 132 and 133: With the entry of many private sect
Page 134 and 135: for future requirements should be t
Page 136 and 137: Short supply of coal has started af
Page 138: Figure 3-35: Life-cycle of technolo
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