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Table 3-11: Energy cost and intensity Indian and global energy reservesIndustry Energy cost (% of manufacturing cost) Energy intensity (%)India Developed nations IndiaIron & Steel 8.0-9.5 4-6 36.1-57.6Cement 1.0-4.4 0.6-0.9 30.0-59.0Aluminium 16-20 13-15 36.1-71.2Considering the above aspects of power production in India, it is recommended that allmeans of energy conservation be pursued. One approach, for example, is to examinethe various components of the power production system to ascertain which componentcan be tweaked to save power.Centrifugal pump, a common equipment in almost all industries, forms one suchcomponent. In general, centrifugal pumps account for 40-60 per cent of the total powerconsumption in processing plants. By adopting appropriate measures related tocentrifugal pumps, at least 25 per cent energy saving is possible. An audit of thepumps in the system will help identify the issues by examining aspects such as:• Wrong selection – under- or over-selection;• Over-design;• Improper equipment layout;• Usage of old, inefficient pumps;• Usage of multiple smaller-than-required size pumps; and• Systematic engineering principles ignored in pump selection.EMS-ERDA has conducted several such audits and successfully helped conserveenergy in a variety of industries.114
ANNEX XI:ELECTRICITY GENERATION TRENDS IN UNDAPROJECT COUNTRIESByProf. Mr. Branko MilicevicEconomic Affairs OfficerSustainable Energy DivisionUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)Geneva, SwitzerlandA. UNDA ProjectThe United Nations Development Account (UNDA) Project on “Mitigating Climate Changethrough Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Advanced Fossil Fuel Technologies”was approved by the United Nations General Assembly for the period 2010-2012, witha budget of US$629,000. The purpose of the project is to assist countries in increasingcapacity to attract investment in advanced fossil fuel technologies. The project coversnine countries: Afghanistan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan,Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe(UNECE) executes the project in cooperation with the United Nations Conference onTrade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Economic and Social Commission for Asiaand the Pacfic (ESCAP).B. Electricity generation trends in UNDA project countries600Figure 3-22: Electricity output in selected UNDA project countries (W/capita)500400300200KazakhstanUkraineChinaIndia10001992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010115
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ADVANCES IN FOSSIL FUELTECHNOLOGIES
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ADVANCES IN FOSSIL FUELTECHNOLOGIES
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CONTENTSABBREVIATIONSiiiPART ONEREP
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ABBREVIATIONSAC : Alternating curre
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OECD : Organization for Economic Co
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IORGANIZATION OF THE WORKSHOPA. Bac
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D. Election of officersThe followin
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IIICONSIDERATION OF ISSUESA. Backgr
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emissions. Underground coal gasific
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800 MWe, a steam pressure of 300 kg
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• Materials development & manufac
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Figure 1-5: Strategy for commercial
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tonnes, the state-owned enterprise
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• Ensuring not just easy FDI entr
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MW ultra-supercritical units; and s
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the captive generation capacity) on
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and other financial institutions -
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and higher efficiency power generat
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energy technologies, which can enab
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• Such massive financial inputs c
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BASELINE REPORT ON FOSSIL FUEL TECH
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B. General R&D climate in the count
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a convenient way to envisage energy
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to mature and become more cost-comp
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emissions, at least relative to sin
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The Ministry of Power (MoP), which
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3. Bio-energyBio-energy, widely ava
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in such a canal will rotate at a lo
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in tackling climate change. A one p
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Advantages of supercritical plants
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existing power plants but also to b
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BASELINE REPORT ON FOREIGN DIRECT I
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CEA at 598 mt. This is mainly due t
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For India to maintain its momentum
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Table 2-5: Electricity generation t
Page 73 and 74: Growth, which submitted its interim
Page 75 and 76: 3. Future challengesThe future chal
Page 77 and 78: development worked out. Public-priv
Page 79 and 80: Linking FDI to technology transferI
Page 81 and 82: The total requirement of fund durin
Page 83 and 84: Funding from multilateral agenciesM
Page 85 and 86: cooperation will be essential in so
Page 87: Planning Commission, Government of
Page 90 and 91: ANNEX I:LIST OF PARTICIPANTSMr. A.K
Page 92 and 93: Mr. S.C. Shrivastava, Joint Chief (
Page 94 and 95: ANNEX II:PROGRAMME6 June 2012, Wedn
Page 96 and 97: ANNEX III:AN OVERVIEW OF ADVANCED F
Page 98 and 99: • Technology solutions are also v
Page 100 and 101: Table 3-5: Improvement in cycle eff
Page 102 and 103: • No liquid effluent formation;
Page 104 and 105: Figure 3-5: Advancement of gas turb
Page 106 and 107: Figure 3-8: Goal 2 - New clean tech
Page 108 and 109: Compared with conventional power pl
Page 110 and 111: Figure 3-14: Thermax coal gasificat
Page 112 and 113: ANNEX VII:GE ENERGY AND ADVANCED FO
Page 114 and 115: ANNEX VIII:SWOT ANALYSIS OF FOSSIL
Page 116 and 117: By 2035, cumulative CO 2emissions f
Page 118 and 119: • Falling prices of renewable ene
Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-20: New advanced coal powe
Page 122 and 123: ANNEX X:ENERGY CONSERVATION: ERDA
Page 126 and 127: 300Figure 3-23: Trends in coal use
Page 128 and 129: C. Gaps in coal use efficiencyFigur
Page 130 and 131: ANNEX XII:FINANCING OF THE POWER SE
Page 132 and 133: With the entry of many private sect
Page 134 and 135: for future requirements should be t
Page 136 and 137: Short supply of coal has started af
Page 138: Figure 3-35: Life-cycle of technolo
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