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There are some lessons to be learned from the cases of Chile and New Zealand:• FDI can be attracted to a liberalized market under competitive conditions;• FDI is possible in a system with high levels of state ownership…but a strongrecord or regulatory impartiality is needed;• Applying and adopting open, non-discriminatory standards creates a positiveenvironment for evaluating potential FDI opportunities;• Countries should be prepared for FDI exits as well as entries – FDI comes and goes;• Effective property protection encourages long-term FDI and the transfer of innovativetechnologies; and• Successful inward FDI can lead to beneficial outward FDI, leveraging economies ofscale.119