Download Complete PDF - apctt

As on 31 July 2011, India’s installed generation capacity was 180,358 MW, withrenewable energy accounting for 18,455 MW. In 2009-10 alone, the country added9,585 MW. India’s generation mix is as in Table 3-2.Table 3-2: India's power generation mix (July 2011)Energy sourcePercentageThermal energy 64.28Hydro energy 23.13Nuclear energy 2.88Renewable energy sources 10.55In the year 2000, the total coal consumption in the world was 4,740 million tonnes. Ofthis, the Asia-Pacific region (including Japan) accounted for 44 per cent. In non-OECDcountries in Asia, especially China and India, coal will remain the dominant fuel. Indiahas embarked on a major plan to introduce supercritical combustion technologies toreduce GHG emissions. For the Indian power sector, the cost of CO 2mitigation wouldbe the lowest for co-generation and the highest for pressurized fluidized bed combustion(PFBC), as shown in Table 3-3.Table 3-3: Cost of CO 2mitigation options for India's power sectorPotential GHG emission Mitigation costtechnologies reduction (kg/kWh) (Rs/tonne CO 2)Co-generation 1.500 480Combined cycle 0.960 2,600PBFC 0.180 24,000IGCC 0.230 16,000Supercritical 0.180 16,000Coal washing 0.125 8,500(Source: ADP, 1998)Supercritical steam cycle technology has been in use for several years and is becomingthe system of choice for new commercial coal-fired plants in many countries, includingIndia. National agencies such as BHEL and NTPC are conducting R&D on supercriticaltechnology, focusing on certain areas as in the list below:• Materials and metallurgy for components of boiler and turbine subjected to hightemperature and high pressure;• Supercritical cycle optimization – incremental heat rate improvement;• Retrofit of supercritical boiler to sub-critical pulverized coal boiler;• Fluidized bed supercritical steam cycles; and• Multi-reheat supercritical boilers with double/triple reheater.Indian policies related to technology development in power generation technologiesare directed by certain facts and conditions that include:• In the move towards a low-carbon economy, technology has a vital role to play;87